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Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated their efficacy across a broad spectrum of tasks in healthcare applications. However, often LLMs need to be fine-tuned on task-specific expert annotated data to achieve optimal performance,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-08-06 Bhawesh Kumar , Jonathan Amar , Eric Yang , Nan Li , Yugang Jia

Recent advances in large language model (LLM) training have highlighted the need for diverse, high-quality instruction data. Recently, many works are exploring synthetic data generation using LLMs. However, they primarily focus on prompt…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-12-10 Yifang Chen , David Zhu , Simon Du , Kevin Jamieson , Yang Liu

Supervised fine-tuning (SFT) is a crucial step for large language models (LLMs), enabling them to align with human instructions and enhance their capabilities in downstream tasks. Increasing instruction data substantially is a direct…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-03-11 Shihan Dou , Enyu Zhou , Yan Liu , Songyang Gao , Jun Zhao , Wei Shen , Yuhao Zhou , Zhiheng Xi , Xiao Wang , Xiaoran Fan , Shiliang Pu , Jiang Zhu , Rui Zheng , Tao Gui , Qi Zhang , Xuanjing Huang

We present a scalable method to build a high quality instruction following language model by automatically labelling human-written text with corresponding instructions. Our approach, named instruction backtranslation, starts with a language…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-03-13 Xian Li , Ping Yu , Chunting Zhou , Timo Schick , Omer Levy , Luke Zettlemoyer , Jason Weston , Mike Lewis

Harnessing the power of human-annotated data through Supervised Fine-Tuning (SFT) is pivotal for advancing Large Language Models (LLMs). In this paper, we delve into the prospect of growing a strong LLM out of a weak one without the need…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-18 Zixiang Chen , Yihe Deng , Huizhuo Yuan , Kaixuan Ji , Quanquan Gu

Annotated data has become the most important bottleneck in training accurate machine learning models, especially for areas that require domain expertise. A recent approach to deal with the above issue proposes using natural language…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-01-19 Yannis Papanikolaou

Automated documentation of programming source code is a challenging task with significant practical and scientific implications for the developer community. We present a large language model (LLM)-based application that developers can use…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-12-17 Sayak Chakrabarty , Souradip Pal

Adapting large language models (LLMs) to specific domains often faces a critical bottleneck: the scarcity of high-quality, human-curated data. While large volumes of unchecked data are readily available, indiscriminately using them for…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-09 Jian Wu , Hang Yu , Bingchang Liu , Wenjie Yang , Peng Di , Jianguo Li , Yue Zhang

Large language models are first pre-trained on trillions of tokens and then instruction-tuned or aligned to specific preferences. While pre-training remains out of reach for most researchers due to the compute required, fine-tuning has…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-10 Megh Thakkar , Quentin Fournier , Matthew D Riemer , Pin-Yu Chen , Amal Zouaq , Payel Das , Sarath Chandar

Effective text generation and chat interfaces for low-resource languages (LRLs) remain a challenge for state-of-the-art large language models (LLMs) to support. This is mainly due to the difficulty of curating high-quality instruction…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-09 Mamadou K. Keita , Sebastien Diarra , Christopher Homan , Seydou Diallo

The performance of modern machine learning systems depends on access to large, high-quality datasets, often sourced from user-generated content or proprietary, domain-specific corpora. However, these rich datasets inherently contain…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-08-28 Zhan Shi , Yefeng Yuan , Yuhong Liu , Liang Cheng , Yi Fang

We present LLM Trainer, a fully automated pipeline that leverages the world knowledge of Large Language Models (LLMs) to transform a small number of human demonstrations (as few as one) into a large robot dataset for imitation learning. Our…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-09-25 Abraham George , Amir Barati Farimani

In this work, we study the effect of annotation guidelines -- textual descriptions of event types and arguments, when instruction-tuning large language models for event extraction. We conducted a series of experiments with both…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-30 Saurabh Srivastava , Sweta Pati , Ziyu Yao

This study introduces a prescriptive annotation benchmark grounded in humanities research to ensure consistent, unbiased labeling of offensive language, particularly for casual and non-mainstream language uses. We contribute two newly…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-18 Xinmeng Hou

Understanding the semantics of columns in relational tables is an important pre-processing step for indexing data lakes in order to provide rich data search. An approach to establishing such understanding is column type annotation (CTA)…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-05 Keti Korini , Christian Bizer

Training deep neural networks is challenging when large and annotated datasets are unavailable. Extensive manual annotation of data samples is time-consuming, expensive, and error-prone, notably when it needs to be done by experts. To…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-09-08 Barbara C Benato , Alexandru C Telea , Alexandre X Falcão

Previous work has demonstrated that AI methods for analysing scientific literature benefit significantly from annotating sentences in papers according to their rhetorical roles, such as research gaps, results, limitations, extensions of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-11 Francisco Bolaños , Angelo Salatino , Francesco Osborne , Enrico Motta

Instruction finetuning is a popular paradigm to align large language models (LLM) with human intent. Despite its popularity, this idea is less explored in improving LLMs to align existing foundation models with scientific disciplines,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-14 Sameera Horawalavithana , Sai Munikoti , Ian Stewart , Henry Kvinge , Karl Pazdernik

With the AI revolution in place, the trend for building automated systems to support professionals in different domains such as the open source software systems, healthcare systems, banking systems, transportation systems and many others…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-21 Somnath Banerjee , Avik Dutta , Aaditya Agrawal , Rima Hazra , Animesh Mukherjee

In spoken Task-Oriented Dialogue (TOD) systems, the choice of the semantic representation describing the users' requests is key to a smooth interaction. Indeed, the system uses this representation to reason over a database and its domain…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-06-21 Lucas Druart , Valentin Vielzeuf , Yannick Estève
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