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We investigate the thermodynamic uncertainty relation (TUR), \textit{i.e.} a trade-off between entropy production rate and relative power fluctuations, for nondegenerate three-level and degenerate four-level maser heat engines. In the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-12-19 Varinder Singh , Vahid Shaghaghi , Özgür E. Müstecaplıoğlu , Dario Rosa

The thermodynamic uncertainty relations (TURs) provide lower bounds on the entropy production (EP) of a system in terms of the statistical precision of an arbitrary current in that system. All conventional TURs derived so far have concerned…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2021-03-19 Gülce Kardeş , David H. Wolpert

Clocks are inherently out-of-equilibrium because, due to friction, they constantly consume free energy to keep track of time. The Thermodynamic Uncertainty Relation (TUR) quantifies the trade-off between the precision of any…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2024-02-05 Ashwin Gopal , Massimiliano Esposito , Nahuel Freitas

Thermodynamic uncertainty relations (TURs) express a fundamental tradeoff between the precision (inverse scaled variance) of any thermodynamic current by functionals of the average entropy production. Relying on purely variational…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2022-11-28 Kyle J. Ray , Alexander B. Boyd , Giacomo Guarnieri , James P. Crutchfield

We derive a universal thermodynamic uncertainty relation for Fermionic coherent transport, which bounds the total rate of entropy production in terms of the mean and fluctuations of a single particle current. This bound holds for any…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2025-07-29 Kay Brandner , Keiji Saito

The operation of many classical and quantum systems in nonequilibrium steady state is constrained by cost-precision (dissipation-fluctuation) tradeoff relations, delineated by the thermodynamic uncertainty relation (TUR). However, coherent…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2022-04-13 Matthew Gerry , Dvira Segal

We derive a universal thermodynamic uncertainty relation (TUR) that applies to an arbitrary observable in a general Markovian system. The generality of our result allows us to make two findings: (1) for an arbitrary out-of-equilibrium…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2022-06-07 Liu Ziyin , Masahito Ueda

Fluctuations are intrinsic to microscopic systems and impose fundamental limits on nonequilibrium precision, as captured by the thermodynamic uncertainty relation (TUR), which links current fluctuations to entropy production. While feedback…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-02-27 Ryotaro Honma , Tan Van Vu

Thermodynamic uncertainty relations (TURs) bound the precision of currents by entropy production, but quantum transport of noncommuting (non-Abelian) charges challenges standard formulations because different charge components cannot be…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-01-01 Domingos S. P. Salazar

The breaking of reciprocity is a topic of great interest in fundamental physics and optical information processing applications. We demonstrate non-reciprocal light transport in a quantum system of hot atoms by engineering the dissipative…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-06-09 Xingda Lu , Wanxia Cao , Wei Yi , Heng Shen , Yanhong Xiao

Thermodynamic uncertainty relations (TURs) set fundamental bounds on the fluctuation and dissipation of stochastic systems. Here, we examine these bounds, in experiment and theory, by exploring the entire phase space of a cyclic information…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2020-09-23 Govind Paneru , Sandipan Dutta , Tsvi Tlusty , Hyuk Kyu Pak

Thermodynamic uncertainty relations (TURs) arise from the bounds on fluctuations of thermodynamics quantities during a non-equilibrium process and they impose constraints on the corresponding process. We experimentally implement a quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-12-30 Krishna Shende , Arvind , Kavita Dorai

A deeper understanding of the differences between quantum and classical dynamics promises great potential for emerging technologies. Nevertheless, some aspects remain poorly understood, particularly concerning the role of quantum coherence…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2023-06-09 Kacper Prech , Philip Johansson , Elias Nyholm , Gabriel T. Landi , Claudio Verdozzi , Peter Samuelsson , Patrick P. Potts

Thermodynamic uncertainty relations (TURs) provide fundamental constraints on the interplay between power fluctuations, entropy production, and efficiency in overdamped stationary autonomous heat engines. However, their validity in…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2026-03-23 Enrique P. Cital , Viktor Holubec

Thermodynamic Uncertainty Relations express a trade-off between precision, defined as the noise-to-signal ratio of a generic current, and the amount of associated entropy production. These results have deep consequences for autonomous heat…

Nonequilibrium current fluctuations represent one of the central topics in nonequilibrium physics. The thermodynamic uncertainty relation (TUR) is widely acclaimed for rigorously establishing a lower bound on current fluctuations, expressed…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2025-12-09 Van Tuan Vo , Andreas Dechant , Keiji Saito

We introduce a new technique to bound the fluctuations exhibited by a physical system, based on the Euclidean geometry of the space of observables. Through a simple unifying argument, we derive a sweeping generalization of so-called…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2020-06-24 Gianmaria Falasco , Massimiliano Esposito , Jean-Charles Delvenne

Optimal engine performances are accomplished by quantum effects. Here we explore two routes towards ideal engines, namely (1) quantum systems that operate as hybrid machines being able to perform more than one useful task and (2) the…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2022-09-21 Rosa Lopez , Jong Soo Lim , Kun Woo Kim

Thermodynamic uncertainty relations (TURs) impose a universal trade-off between current precision and entropy production in autonomous steady states, constraining in particular the power, efficiency, and constancy of heat engines. We…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2026-03-23 Enrique P. Cital , Viktor Holubec

We introduce an example of thermodynamic uncertainty relation (TUR) for systems modeled by a one-dimensional generalised Langevin dynamics with memory, determining the motion of a micro-bead driven in a complex fluid. Contrary to TURs…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2020-11-06 Ivan Di Terlizzi , Marco Baiesi