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Proprietary large language models (LLMs) exhibit strong generalization capabilities across diverse tasks and are increasingly deployed on edge devices for efficiency and privacy reasons. However, deploying proprietary LLMs at the edge…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-04-28 Qinfeng Li , Tianyue Luo , Xuhong Zhang , Yangfan Xie , Zhiqiang Shen , Lijun Zhang , Yier Jin , Hao Peng , Xinkui Zhao , Xianwei Zhu , Jianwei Yin

With the recent proliferation of large language models (LLMs), enterprises have been able to rapidly develop proof-of-concepts and prototypes. As a result, there is a growing need to implement robust guardrails that monitor, quantize and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-20 Aaron Zheng , Mansi Rana , Andreas Stolcke

The advent of Large Language Models (LLMs) has garnered significant popularity and wielded immense power across various domains within Natural Language Processing (NLP). While their capabilities are undeniably impressive, it is crucial to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-07-31 Sara Abdali , Jia He , CJ Barberan , Richard Anarfi

Large Language Models (LLMs) become the start-of-the-art solutions for a variety of natural language tasks and are integrated into real-world applications. However, LLMs can be potentially harmful in manifesting undesirable safety issues…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-03-05 Zhuoer Xu , Jianping Zhang , Shiwen Cui , Changhua Meng , Weiqiang Wang

Large language models (LLMs) have shown great potential as general-purpose AI assistants across various domains. To fully leverage this potential in specific applications, many companies provide fine-tuning API services, enabling users to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-20 Ning Lu , Shengcai Liu , Jiahao Wu , Weiyu Chen , Zhirui Zhang , Yew-Soon Ong , Qi Wang , Ke Tang

Backdoor attacks pose a significant threat to Large Language Models (LLMs), where adversaries can embed hidden triggers to manipulate LLM's outputs. Most existing defense methods, primarily designed for classification tasks, are ineffective…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-11-12 Zihan Wang , Rui Zhang , Hongwei Li , Wenshu Fan , Wenbo Jiang , Qingchuan Zhao , Guowen Xu

Safety alignment is a key requirement for building reliable Artificial General Intelligence. Despite significant advances in safety alignment, we observe that minor latent shifts can still trigger unsafe responses in aligned models. We…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-23 Tianle Gu , Kexin Huang , Zongqi Wang , Yixu Wang , Jie Li , Yuanqi Yao , Yang Yao , Yujiu Yang , Yan Teng , Yingchun Wang

Safety fine-tuning helps align Large Language Models (LLMs) with human preferences for their safe deployment. To better understand the underlying factors that make models safe via safety fine-tuning, we design a synthetic data generation…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-08-22 Samyak Jain , Ekdeep Singh Lubana , Kemal Oksuz , Tom Joy , Philip H. S. Torr , Amartya Sanyal , Puneet K. Dokania

This position paper proposes a novel approach to advancing NLP security by leveraging Large Language Models (LLMs) as engines for generating diverse adversarial attacks. Building upon recent work demonstrating LLMs' effectiveness in…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-10-25 Sudarshan Srinivasan , Maria Mahbub , Amir Sadovnik

As Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly integrated into academic peer review, their vulnerability to adversarial hidden prompts, i.e., adversarial instructions embedded in submissions to manipulate outcomes, poses a critical threat…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-29 Yuan Xin , Yixuan Weng , Minjun Zhu , Ying Ling , Chengwei Qin , Michael Backes , Yue Zhang , Linyi Yang

Fine-tuning on open-source Large Language Models (LLMs) with proprietary data is now a standard practice for downstream developers to obtain task-specific LLMs. Surprisingly, we reveal a new and concerning risk along with the practice: the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-06 Zhexin Zhang , Yuhao Sun , Junxiao Yang , Shiyao Cui , Yuanchao Zhang , Hongning Wang , Minlie Huang

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable performance across various natural language processing tasks. Recently, several LLMs-based pipelines have been developed to enhance learning on graphs with text attributes,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-07-30 Kai Guo , Zewen Liu , Zhikai Chen , Hongzhi Wen , Wei Jin , Jiliang Tang , Yi Chang

Previous learning-based vulnerability detection methods relied on either medium-sized pre-trained models or smaller neural networks from scratch. Recent advancements in Large Pre-Trained Language Models (LLMs) have showcased remarkable…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-01-30 Xin Zhou , Ting Zhang , David Lo

Fine-tuning enables large language models (LLMs) to adapt to specific domains, but often compromises their previously established safety alignment. To mitigate the degradation of model safety during fine-tuning, we introduce LookAhead…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-22 Kangwei Liu , Mengru Wang , Yujie Luo , Lin Yuan , Mengshu Sun , Lei Liang , Zhiqiang Zhang , Jun Zhou , Bryan Hooi , Shumin Deng

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable capabilities across diverse applications, yet they pose significant security risks that threaten their safe deployment in critical domains. Current security alignment methodologies…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-07-22 Pengfei Du

In the rapidly evolving landscape of Large Language Models (LLMs), ensuring robust safety measures is paramount. To meet this crucial need, we propose \emph{SALAD-Bench}, a safety benchmark specifically designed for evaluating LLMs, attack,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-10 Lijun Li , Bowen Dong , Ruohui Wang , Xuhao Hu , Wangmeng Zuo , Dahua Lin , Yu Qiao , Jing Shao

Safety alignment has become a critical step to ensure LLMs refuse harmful requests while providing helpful and harmless responses. However, despite the ubiquity of safety alignment for deployed frontier models, two separate lines of recent…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-04-06 John T. Halloran

The proliferation of Large Language Models (LLMs), such as ChatGPT, has raised concerns about their potential impact on academic integrity, prompting the need for LLM-resistant exam designs. This article investigates the performance of LLMs…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-04-25 Simon kaare Larsen

Large Language Models (LLMs) are being used more and more for various coding tasks, including to help coders identify bugs and are a promising avenue to support coders in various tasks including vulnerability detection -- particularly given…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-05-27 Ignacio Mariano Andreozzi Pofcher , Joshua Ellul

Recent advances confirm that large language models (LLMs) can achieve state-of-the-art performance across various tasks. However, due to the resource-intensive nature of training LLMs from scratch, it is urgent and crucial to protect the…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-03-04 Zhiguang Yang , Hanzhou Wu