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Open-vocabulary semantic segmentation presents the challenge of labeling each pixel within an image based on a wide range of text descriptions. In this work, we introduce a novel cost-based approach to adapt vision-language foundation…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-04-02 Seokju Cho , Heeseong Shin , Sunghwan Hong , Anurag Arnab , Paul Hongsuck Seo , Seungryong Kim

Despite the significant progress in deep learning for dense visual recognition problems, such as semantic segmentation, traditional methods are constrained by fixed class sets. Meanwhile, vision-language foundation models, such as CLIP,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-09-18 Sina Hajimiri , Ismail Ben Ayed , Jose Dolz

Dense visual perception tasks have been constrained by their reliance on predefined categories, limiting their applicability in real-world scenarios where visual concepts are unbounded. While Vision-Language Models (VLMs) like CLIP have…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-08-18 Junjie Wang , Keyu Chen , Yulin Li , Bin Chen , Hengshuang Zhao , Xiaojuan Qi , Zhuotao Tian

We propose CLIP-Lite, an information efficient method for visual representation learning by feature alignment with textual annotations. Compared to the previously proposed CLIP model, CLIP-Lite requires only one negative image-text sample…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-05-12 Aman Shrivastava , Ramprasaath R. Selvaraju , Nikhil Naik , Vicente Ordonez

Existing open-vocabulary object detection (OVD) develops methods for testing unseen categories by aligning object region embeddings with corresponding VLM features. A recent study leverages the idea that VLMs implicitly learn compositional…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-12-25 Hojun Choi , Junsuk Choe , Hyunjung Shim

Recent works modify CLIP to perform open-vocabulary semantic segmentation in a training-free manner (TF-OVSS). In vanilla CLIP, patch-wise image representations mainly encode homogeneous image-level properties, which hinders the application…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Jingyun Wang , Cilin Yan , Guoliang Kang

The pre-trained vision-language model, exemplified by CLIP, advances zero-shot semantic segmentation by aligning visual features with class embeddings through a transformer decoder to generate semantic masks. Despite its effectiveness,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-03-14 Zicheng Zhang , Tong Zhang , Yi Zhu , Jianzhuang Liu , Xiaodan Liang , QiXiang Ye , Wei Ke

Recent advances in foundational Vision Language Models (VLMs) have reshaped the evaluation paradigm in computer vision tasks. These foundational models, especially CLIP, have accelerated research in open-vocabulary computer vision tasks,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-04-15 M. Arda Aydın , Efe Mert Çırpar , Elvin Abdinli , Gozde Unal , Yusuf H. Sahin

Recently, pre-trained vision-language models have been increasingly used to tackle the challenging zero-shot segmentation task. Typical solutions follow the paradigm of first generating mask proposals and then adopting CLIP to classify…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-10-03 Siyu Jiao , Yunchao Wei , Yaowei Wang , Yao Zhao , Humphrey Shi

Open-Vocabulary Segmentation (OVS) aims at segmenting images from free-form textual concepts without predefined training classes. While existing vision-language models such as CLIP can generate segmentation masks by leveraging coarse…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-09-17 Luca Barsellotti , Lorenzo Bianchi , Nicola Messina , Fabio Carrara , Marcella Cornia , Lorenzo Baraldi , Fabrizio Falchi , Rita Cucchiara

Open-vocabulary dense prediction tasks including object detection and image segmentation have been advanced by the success of Contrastive Language-Image Pre-training (CLIP). CLIP models, particularly those incorporating vision transformers…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-01-25 Size Wu , Wenwei Zhang , Lumin Xu , Sheng Jin , Xiangtai Li , Wentao Liu , Chen Change Loy

Recent advancements in pre-trained vision-language models like CLIP have enabled the task of open-vocabulary segmentation. CLIP demonstrates impressive zero-shot capabilities in various downstream tasks that require holistic image…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-27 Sule Bai , Yong Liu , Yifei Han , Haoji Zhang , Yansong Tang , Jie Zhou , Jiwen Lu

CLIP (Contrastive Language-Image Pretraining) is well-developed for open-vocabulary zero-shot image-level recognition, while its applications in pixel-level tasks are less investigated, where most efforts directly adopt CLIP features…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-04-17 Jie Guo , Qimeng Wang , Yan Gao , Xiaolong Jiang , Xu Tang , Yao Hu , Baochang Zhang

Contrastive language-image pretraining (CLIP) links vision and language modalities into a unified embedding space, yielding the tremendous potential for vision-language (VL) tasks. While early concurrent works have begun to study this…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-01-02 Zhecan Wang , Noel Codella , Yen-Chun Chen , Luowei Zhou , Jianwei Yang , Xiyang Dai , Bin Xiao , Haoxuan You , Shih-Fu Chang , Lu Yuan

Latent image representations arising from vision-language models have proved immensely useful for a variety of downstream tasks. However, their utility is limited by their entanglement with respect to different visual attributes. For…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-11-14 James Oldfield , Christos Tzelepis , Yannis Panagakis , Mihalis A. Nicolaou , Ioannis Patras

A key benefit of deep vision-language models such as CLIP is that they enable zero-shot open vocabulary classification; the user has the ability to define novel class labels via natural language prompts at inference time. However, while…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-01-05 A K Nirala , A Joshi , C Hegde , S Sarkar

Contrastive Language-Image Pre-training (CLIP) exhibits strong zero-shot classification ability on various image-level tasks, leading to the research to adapt CLIP for pixel-level open-vocabulary semantic segmentation without additional…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-11-22 Lin Sun , Jiale Cao , Jin Xie , Xiaoheng Jiang , Yanwei Pang

CLIP exhibits strong visual-textual alignment but struggle with open-vocabulary segmentation due to poor localization. Prior methods enhance spatial coherence by modifying intermediate attention. But, this coherence isn't consistently…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-08-29 Zhixiang Chi , Yanan Wu , Li Gu , Huan Liu , Ziqiang Wang , Yang Zhang , Yang Wang , Konstantinos N. Plataniotis

Recently, the strong generalization ability of CLIP has facilitated open-vocabulary semantic segmentation, which labels pixels using arbitrary text. However, existing methods that fine-tune CLIP for segmentation on limited seen categories…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-11-21 Muyao Yuan , Yuanhong Zhang , Weizhan Zhang , Lan Ma , Yuan Gao , Jiangyong Ying , Yudeng Xin

Image captioning aims at generating descriptive and meaningful textual descriptions of images, enabling a broad range of vision-language applications. Prior works have demonstrated that harnessing the power of Contrastive Image Language…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-01-05 Longtian Qiu , Shan Ning , Xuming He