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Facial action unit (AU) detection remains a challenging task, due to the subtlety, dynamics, and diversity of AUs. Recently, the prevailing techniques of self-attention and causal inference have been introduced to AU detection. However,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-10-16 Zhiwen Shao , Hancheng Zhu , Yong Zhou , Xiang Xiang , Bing Liu , Rui Yao , Lizhuang Ma

Despite being the appearance-based classifier of choice in recent years, relatively few works have examined how much convolutional neural networks (CNNs) can improve performance on accepted expression recognition benchmarks and, more…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2017-03-17 Pooya Khorrami , Tom Le Paine , Thomas S. Huang

Recognising continuous emotions and action unit (AU) intensities from face videos requires a spatial and temporal understanding of expression dynamics. Existing works primarily rely on 2D face appearances to extract such dynamics. This work…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-05-30 Mani Kumar Tellamekala , Ömer Sümer , Björn W. Schuller , Elisabeth André , Timo Giesbrecht , Michel Valstar

Understanding pain-related facial behaviors is essential for digital healthcare in terms of effective monitoring, assisted diagnostics, and treatment planning, particularly for patients unable to communicate verbally. Existing data-driven…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-18 Zhiyu Wang , Yang Liu , Hatice Gunes

Customizable 3D avatar-based facial expression stimuli may improve user engagement in behavioral biomarker discovery and therapeutic intervention for autism, Alzheimer's disease, facial palsy, and more. However, there is a lack of…

Vision-Language-Action Models (VLAs) have shown remarkable progress towards embodied intelligence. While their architecture partially resembles that of Large Language Models (LLMs), VLAs exhibit higher complexity due to their multi-modal…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-03-06 Hugo Buurmeijer , Carmen Amo Alonso , Aiden Swann , Marco Pavone

The automatic intensity estimation of facial action units (AUs) from a single image plays a vital role in facial analysis systems. One big challenge for data-driven AU intensity estimation is the lack of sufficient AU label data. Due to the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-04-14 Xinhui Song , Tianyang Shi , Tianjia Shao , Yi Yuan , Zunlei Feng , Changjie Fan

Facial Action Coding System is an approach for modeling the complexity of human emotional expression. Automatic action unit (AU) detection is a crucial research area in human-computer interaction. This paper describes our submission to the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-03-24 Duy Le Hoai , Eunchae Lim , Eunbin Choi , Sieun Kim , Sudarshan Pant , Guee-Sang Lee , Soo-Huyng Kim , Hyung-Jeong Yang

Face anti-spoofing (FAS) has recently advanced in multimodal fusion, cross-domain generalization, and interpretability. With large language models and reinforcement learning (RL), strategy-based training offers new opportunities to jointly…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-11-25 Yingjie Ma , Xun Lin , Yong Xu , Weicheng Xie , Zitong Yu

In this paper, we introduce an underexplored problem in facial analysis: generating and recognizing multi-attribute natural language descriptions, containing facial action units (AUs), emotional states, and age estimation, for arbitrarily…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-01-05 Kaiwen Zheng , Junchen Fu , Songpei Xu , Yaoqing He , Joemon M. Jose , Han Hu , Xuri Ge

Facial expressions play a significant role in human communication and behavior. Psychologists have long studied the relationship between facial expressions and emotions. Paul Ekman et al., devised the Facial Action Coding System (FACS) to…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2017-05-11 Ran Breuer , Ron Kimmel

Despite the impressive performance of current vision-based facial action unit (AU) detection approaches, they are heavily susceptible to the variations across different domains and the cross-domain AU detection methods are under-explored.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-03-13 Yong Li , Menglin Liu , Zhen Cui , Yi Ding , Yuan Zong , Wenming Zheng , Shiguang Shan , Cuntai Guan

Despite the huge success of deep convolutional neural networks in face recognition (FR) tasks, current methods lack explainability for their predictions because of their "black-box" nature. In recent years, studies have been carried out to…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-09-06 Zewei Xu , Yuhang Lu , Touradj Ebrahimi

Emotional expressions are the behaviors that communicate our emotional state or attitude to others. They are expressed through verbal and non-verbal communication. Complex human behavior can be understood by studying physical features from…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-09-15 Liam Schoneveld , Alice Othmani , Hazem Abdelkawy

The alignment of vision-language representations endows current Vision-Language Models (VLMs) with strong multi-modal reasoning capabilities. However, the interpretability of the alignment component remains uninvestigated due to the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-27 Shufan Shen , Junshu Sun , Qingming Huang , Shuhui Wang

The recently developed Equine Facial Action Coding System (EquiFACS) provides a precise and exhaustive, but laborious, manual labelling method of facial action units of the horse. To automate parts of this process, we propose a Deep…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-05-05 Zhenghong Li , Sofia Broomé , Pia Haubro Andersen , Hedvig Kjellström

Facial action unit (AU) intensity is an index to describe all visually discernible facial movements. Most existing methods learn intensity estimator with limited AU data, while they lack generalization ability out of the dataset. In this…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-08-21 Xinhui Song , Tianyang Shi , Zunlei Feng , Mingli Song , Jackie Lin , Chuanjie Lin , Changjie Fan , Yi Yuan

As artificial intelligence (AI) systems become increasingly embedded in our daily life, the ability to recognize and adapt to human emotions is essential for effective human-computer interaction. Facial expression recognition (FER) provides…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-12-16 Thibault Geoffroy , Myriam Maumy , Lionel Prevost

Vision-Language-Action (VLA) models mark a transformative advancement in artificial intelligence, aiming to unify perception, natural language understanding, and embodied action within a single computational framework. This foundational…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-02-02 Ranjan Sapkota , Yang Cao , Konstantinos I. Roumeliotis , Manoj Karkee

How to learn a universal facial representation that boosts all face analysis tasks? This paper takes one step toward this goal. In this paper, we study the transfer performance of pre-trained models on face analysis tasks and introduce a…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-04-04 Yinglin Zheng , Hao Yang , Ting Zhang , Jianmin Bao , Dongdong Chen , Yangyu Huang , Lu Yuan , Dong Chen , Ming Zeng , Fang Wen
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