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Quantum key distribution (QKD) represents a cornerstone of secure communication in the quantum era. While discrete-variable QKD (DV-QKD) protocols were historically the first to demonstrate secure key exchange, continuous-variable QKD…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-06-30 Mobin Motaharifar , Mahmood Hasani , Hassan Kaatuzian

Continuous variable quantum key distribution (CV-QKD), utilizes continuous variables encoding such as the quadra-ture components of the quantized electromagnetic field and coherent detection decoding, offering good compatibility with the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-07-22 Pu Wang , Yan Tian , Yongmin Li

Error correction plays a major role in the reconciliation of continuous variable quantum key distribution (CV-QKD) and greatly affects the performance of the system. CV-QKD requires error correction codes of extremely low rates and high…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2021-07-14 Kadir Gümüs , Laurent Schmalen

The goal of this note is to explain the reconciliation problem for continuous-variable quantum key distribution protocols with a discrete modulation. Such modulation formats are attractive since they significantly simplify experimental…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-10-27 Anthony Leverrier

Non-Gaussian modulation can improve the performance of continuous-variable quantum key distribution (CV-QKD). For Gaussian modulated coherent state CV-QKD, photon subtraction can realize non-Gaussian modulation, which can be equivalently…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-05-04 Xiangyu Wang , Menghao Xu , Yin Zhao , Ziyang Chen , Song Yu , Hong Guo

An integrated error-correction scheme with high throughput, low frame errors rate (FER) and high reconciliation efficiency under low signal to noise ratio (SNR) is one of the major bottlenecks to realize high-performance and low-cost…

Distributing cryptographic keys over public channels in a way that can provide information-theoretic security is the holy grail for secure communication. This can be achieved by exploiting quantum mechanical principles in so-called quantum…

The performance of the information reconciliation phase is crucial for quantum key distribution (QKD). Reverse reconciliation (RR) is typically preferred over direct reconciliation (DR) because it yields higher secure key rates. However, a…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2025-02-13 Marco Origlia , Marco Secondini

Continuous-variable quantum key distribution (CV-QKD) enables two remote parties to establish information-theoretically secure keys and offers high practical feasibility due to its compatibility with mature coherent optical communication…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-12-18 Yanhao Sun , Jiayu Ma , Xiangyu Wang , Song Yu , Ziyang Chen , Hong Guo

Distributing secret keys with information-theoretic security is arguably one of the most important achievements of the field of quantum information processing and communications. The rapid progress in this field has enabled quantum key…

Quantum key distribution relying on the principles of quantum mechanics enables two parties to produce a shared random secret key, thereby ensuring the security of data transmission. Continuous variable quantum key distribution (CV-QKD) is…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-03-05 Dengke Qi , Xiangyu Wang , Jiayu Ma , Zhenghua Li , Ziyang Chen , Yueming Lu , Song Yu

In this paper, we present an information reconciliation protocol designed for Continuous-Variable QKD using the Distributional Transform. By combining tools from copula and information theory, we present a method for extracting independent…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2023-05-12 Micael Andrade Dias , Francisco Marcos de Assis

We use single homodyne detector to accomplish Continuous-Variable quantum key distribution(CV QKD) in a laboratory and urban environment free-space channel. This is based on Gaussian modulation with coherent-states in the polarization…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-07-24 Shi-Yang Shen , Ming-Wei Dai , Xue-Tao Zheng , Qi-Yao Sun , Bing Zhu , Guang-Can Guo , Zheng-Fu Han

We recently introduced a reverse reconciliation scheme with soft information. In this paper, we assess its performance at ultra-low SNR, thus proving that such scheme is a versatile solution to the reverse reconciliation problem.

Information Theory · Computer Science 2026-03-26 Marco Origlia , Erdem Eray Cil , Laurent Schmalen , Marco Secondini

Quantum Error Correction (QEC) is an essential field of research towards the realization of large-scale quantum computers. On the theoretical side, a lot of effort is put into designing error-correcting codes that protect quantum data from…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-02-10 Lucas Berent , Lukas Burgholzer , Robert Wille

In continuous-variable quantum key distribution, information reconciliation is required to extract a shared secret key from correlated random variables obtained through the quantum channel. Reverse reconciliation (RR) is generally…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2026-05-13 Marco Origlia , Emanuele Parente , Marco Secondini

Modern security proofs of quantum key distribution (QKD) must take finite-size effects and composable aspects into consideration. This is also the case for continuous-variable (CV) protocols which are based on the transmission and detection…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-11-27 Stefano Pirandola , Panagiotis Papanastasiou

Quantum key distribution (QKD) has been emerged as a promising solution for guaranteeing information-theoretic security. Inspired by this, a great amount of research effort has been recently put on designing and testing QKD systems as well…

PCMSolver is an open-source library for continuum electrostatic solvation. It can be combined with any quantum chemistry code and requires a minimal interface with the host program, greatly reducing programming effort. As input, PCMSolver…

The speed at which two remote parties can exchange secret keys over a fixed-length fiber-optic cable in continuous-variable quantum key distribution (CV-QKD) is currently limited by the computational complexity of post-processing algorithms…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-05-28 Mario Milicevic , Chen Feng , Lei M. Zhang , P. Glenn Gulak
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