Related papers: On Space-like Class $\mathcal A$ Surfaces in Rober…
In this work, we study some classes of rotational surfaces in the pseudo-Euclidean space $\mathbb{E}^4_t$ with profile curves lying in 2-dimensional planes. First, we determine all such surfaces in the Minkowski 4-space $\mathbb{E}^4_1$…
We give a conformal representation in terms of meromorphic data for a certain class of spacelike surfaces in the Lorentz-Minkowski 4-space L^4 whose mean curvature vector is either lightlike or zero at each point. This representation…
The covariant Dirac equation in Robertson-Walker space-time is studied under the comoving coordinates. The exact forms of the spatial factor of wave function are respectively acquired in closed, spatially flat, and open universes.
Let $N$ be a Riemannian, neutral or Lorentzian $4$-dimensional space form. In this paper, the expressions of the equations of Gauss, Codazzi and Ricci of a space-like or time-like surface in $N$ given in [7] are naturally understood in…
A class of Riemann-Cartan G\"odel-type space-times is examined by using the equivalence problem techniques, as formulated by Fonseca-Neto et al. and embodied in a suite of computer algebra programs called TCLASSI. A coordinate-invariant…
The necessary and sufficient condition for the existence of $\alpha$-surfaces in complex space-time manifolds with nonvanishing torsion is derived. For these manifolds, Lie brackets of vector fields and spinor Ricci identities contain…
We consider time fractional parabolic equations in both divergence and non-divergence form when the leading coefficients $a^{ij}$ are measurable functions of $(t,x_1)$ except for $a^{11}$ which is a measurable function of either $t$ or…
Given a constant vector field $Z$ in Minkowski space, a timelike surface is said to have a canonical null direction with respect to $Z$ if the projection of $Z$ on the tangent space of the surface gives a lightlike vector field. In this…
At any point of a surface in the four-dimensional Euclidean space we consider the geometric configuration consisting of two figures: the tangent indicatrix, which is a conic in the tangent plane, and the normal curvature ellipse. We show…
In a Robertson-Walker space-time a spinning particle model is investigated and we show that in a stationary case, there exists a class of new structures called f-symbols which can generate reducible Killing tensors and supersymmetry…
A local classification of spacelike surfaces in Minkowski 4-space, which are invariant under spacelike rotations, and with mean curvature vector either vanishing or lightlike, is obtained. Furthermore, the existence of such surfaces with…
We prove that an isometric immersion of a timelike surface in four-dimensional Minkowski space is equivalent to a normalized spinor field which is a solution of a Dirac equation on the surface. Using the quaternions and the complex numbers,…
We construct a special class of spacelike surfaces in the Minkowski 4-space which are one-parameter systems of meridians of the rotational hypersurface with lightlike axis and call these surfaces meridian surfaces of parabolic type. They…
In this paper, we study three types of helicoidal surfaces in a Lorentzian n--space $\mathbb{E}^n_1$. First, we find the parametrizations of spacelike loxodromes on such spacelike helicoidal surfaces in $\mathbb{E}^n_1$. Then, we make a…
The role of the time surface term in the ADM Hamiltonian formulation of general relativity is investigated. We show that the variable contained in the time surface term (the scale factor) plays the role of a time-like variable. The…
We develop an invariant local theory of Lorentz surfaces in pseudo-Euclidean 4-space by use of a linear map of Weingarten type. We find a geometrically determined moving frame field at each point of the surface and obtain a system of…
Observer-invariance is regarded as a minimum requirement for an appropriate definition and derived systematically from a spacetime setting, where observer-invariance is a special case of a covariance principle and covered by Ricci-calculus.…
A generalized Robertson-Walker spacetime is the warped product with base an open interval of the real line endowed with the opposite of its metric and base any Riemannian manifold. The family of generalized Robertson-Walker spacetimes…
Generalized Robertson-Walker spacetimes extend the notion of Robertson-Walker spacetimes, by allowing for spatial non-homogeneity. A survey is presented, with main focus on Chen's characterization in terms of a timelike concircular vector.…
The expansion of space, and other geometric properties of cosmological models, can be studied using geometrically defined notions of relative velocity. In this paper, we consider test particles undergoing radial motion relative to comoving…