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Scaling CNN training is necessary to keep up with growing datasets and reduce training time. We also see an emerging need to handle datasets with very large samples, where memory requirements for training are large. Existing training…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2019-03-18 Nikoli Dryden , Naoya Maruyama , Tom Benson , Tim Moon , Marc Snir , Brian Van Essen

When existing retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) solutions are intended to be used for new knowledge domains, it is necessary to update their encoders, which are taken to be pretrained large language models (LLMs). However, fully…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-23 Marijan Fofonjka , Shahryar Zehtabi , Alireza Behtash , Tyler Mauer , David Stout

Parameter-efficient fine-tuning for continual learning (PEFT-CL) has shown promise in adapting pre-trained models to sequential tasks while mitigating catastrophic forgetting problem. However, understanding the mechanisms that dictate…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-27 Jingren Liu , Zhong Ji , YunLong Yu , Jiale Cao , Yanwei Pang , Jungong Han , Xuelong Li

The ever-growing ecosystem of LLMs has posed a challenge in selecting the most appropriate pre-trained model to fine-tune amidst a sea of options. Given constrained resources, fine-tuning all models and making selections afterward is…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-05-29 Haowei Lin , Baizhou Huang , Haotian Ye , Qinyu Chen , Zihao Wang , Sujian Li , Jianzhu Ma , Xiaojun Wan , James Zou , Yitao Liang

Building models of natural language processing (NLP) is challenging in low-resource scenarios where only limited data are available. Optimization-based meta-learning algorithms achieve promising results in low-resource scenarios by adapting…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-07-15 Yingxiu Zhao , Zhiliang Tian , Huaxiu Yao , Yinhe Zheng , Dongkyu Lee , Yiping Song , Jian Sun , Nevin L. Zhang

Parameter-Efficient Fine-Tuning (PEFT), particularly Low-Rank Adaptation (LoRA), has become a standard approach for adapting Large Language Models (LLMs) under limited compute. However, in continual settings where models are updated…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-14 Hung Le , Svetha Venkatesh

Multi-label classification (MLC) is an important class of machine learning problems that come with a wide spectrum of applications, each demanding a possibly different evaluation criterion. When solving the MLC problems, we generally expect…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-10-08 Yao-Yuan Yang , Yi-An Lin , Hong-Min Chu , Hsuan-Tien Lin

Large language models (LLMs) have achieved impressive results in natural language processing but are prone to memorizing portions of their training data, which can compromise evaluation metrics, raise privacy concerns, and limit…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-12-03 Eduardo Slonski

How to usefully encode compositional task structure has long been a core challenge in AI. Recent work in chain of thought prompting has shown that for very large neural language models (LMs), explicitly demonstrating the inferential steps…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-10-25 Victor S. Bursztyn , David Demeter , Doug Downey , Larry Birnbaum

One of the arguments to explain the success of deep learning is the powerful approximation capacity of deep neural networks. Such capacity is generally accompanied by the explosive growth of the number of parameters, which, in turn, leads…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-09-15 Zuowei Shen , Haizhao Yang , Shijun Zhang

Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly used for topic modeling, outperforming classical topic models such as LDA. Commonly, pre-trained LLM encoders such as BERT are used out-of-the-box despite the fact that fine-tuning is known to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-23 Johannes Schneider

In recent developments in the field of Computer Vision, a rise is seen in the use of transformer-based architectures. They are surpassing the state-of-the-art set by CNN architectures in accuracy but on the other hand, they are…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-10-12 Durvesh Malpure , Onkar Litake , Rajesh Ingle

Training large-scale image recognition models is computationally expensive. This raises the question of whether there might be simple ways to improve the test performance of an already trained model without having to re-train or fine-tune…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2018-11-27 A. Emin Orhan

Federated fine-tuning provides a practical route to adapt large language models (LLMs) on edge devices without centralizing private data, yet in mobile deployments the training wall-clock is often bottlenecked by straggler-limited uplink…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-29 Changyu Li , Shuanghong Huang , Jiashen Liu , Ming Lei , Jidu Xing , Kaishun Wu , Lu Wang , Fei Luo

In this paper we introduce RE-tune, a novel approach for fine-tuning pre-trained Multimodal Biomedical Vision-Language models (VLMs) in Incremental Learning scenarios for multi-label chest disease diagnosis. RE-tune freezes the backbones…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-10-24 Marco Mistretta , Andrew D. Bagdanov

Federated learning (FL) is usually performed on resource-constrained edge devices, e.g., with limited memory for the computation. If the required memory to train a model exceeds this limit, the device will be excluded from the training.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-11-28 Kilian Pfeiffer , Ramin Khalili , Jörg Henkel

Parameter-efficient fine-tuning (PEFT) of pre-trained language models (PLMs) has emerged as a highly successful approach, with training only a small number of parameters without sacrificing performance and becoming the de-facto learning…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-20 Baohao Liao , Shaomu Tan , Christof Monz

We propose pre-finetuning, an additional large-scale learning stage between language model pre-training and fine-tuning. Pre-finetuning is massively multi-task learning (around 50 datasets, over 4.8 million total labeled examples), and is…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-01-28 Armen Aghajanyan , Anchit Gupta , Akshat Shrivastava , Xilun Chen , Luke Zettlemoyer , Sonal Gupta

Multimodal large language models (MLLMs) have shown impressive capabilities, yet they often struggle to effectively capture the fine-grained textual information within images crucial for accurate image translation. This often leads to a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Bo Li , Ningyuan Deng , Tianyu Dong , Shaobo Wang , Shaolin Zhu , Lijie Wen

Recent advancements in Large Language Models (LLMs) have showcased their remarkable capabilities in text understanding and generation. However, even stronger LLMs are susceptible to acquiring erroneous or obsolete information from the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-02-19 Shiwen Ni , Dingwei Chen , Chengming Li , Xiping Hu , Ruifeng Xu , Min Yang