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Related papers: Finch: Prompt-guided Key-Value Cache Compression

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During inference for transformer-based large language models (LLM), prefilling is the computation of the key-value (KV) cache for input tokens in the prompt prior to autoregressive generation. For longer input prompt lengths, prefilling…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-04-16 Siyan Zhao , Daniel Israel , Guy Van den Broeck , Aditya Grover

The rise of Large Language Models (LLMs) has led to significant interest in prompt compression, a technique aimed at reducing the length of input prompts while preserving critical information. However, the prominent approaches in prompt…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-20 Barys Liskavets , Shuvendu Roy , Maxim Ushakov , Mark Klibanov , Ali Etemad , Shane Luke

The KV cache in self-attention has emerged as a major bottleneck in long-context and large-batch inference for LLMs. Existing approaches often treat sparsity prediction and compression as separate modules, relying on auxiliary index…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-17 Xu Yang , Jiapeng Zhang , Dongyang Zhao , Guo Chen , Zhuo Tang

Key-value (KV) caching is widely used to accelerate transformer inference, but its memory cost grows linearly with input length, limiting long-context deployment. Existing token eviction methods reduce memory by discarding less important…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-24 Ruijie Miao , Zhiming Wang , Wang Li , Shiwei Wu , Shufan Liu , Yanbing Jiang , Tong Yang

As the demand for long-context large language models (LLMs) increases, models with context windows of up to 128K or 1M tokens are becoming increasingly prevalent. However, long-context LLM inference is challenging since the inference speed…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-08-28 Jiaming Tang , Yilong Zhao , Kan Zhu , Guangxuan Xiao , Baris Kasikci , Song Han

There is a growing interest in expanding the input capacity of language models (LMs) across various domains. However, simply increasing the context window does not guarantee robust performance across diverse long-input processing tasks,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-10 Wei Shi , Shuang Li , Kerun Yu , Jinglei Chen , Zujie Liang , Xinhui Wu , Yuxi Qian , Feng Wei , Bo Zheng , Jiaqing Liang , Jiangjie Chen , Yanghua Xiao

Efficient deployment of Large Language Models (LLMs) requires batching multiple requests together to improve throughput. As the batch size, context length, or model size increases, the size of the key and value (KV) cache can quickly become…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-05-08 Tianyi Zhang , Jonah Yi , Zhaozhuo Xu , Anshumali Shrivastava

With the wide adoption of language models for IR -- and specifically RAG systems -- the latency of the underlying LLM becomes a crucial bottleneck, since the long contexts of retrieved passages lead large prompts and therefore, compute…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-04-06 Cornelius Kummer , Lena Jurkschat , Michael Färber , Sahar Vahdati

The increasing size of the Key-Value (KV) cache during the Large Language Models long-context inference is the main obstacle for its balance between the deployment cost and task accuracy. To reduce the KV cache size in such scenarios, most…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-25 Manlai Liang , JiaMing Zhang , Xiong Li , Jinlong Li

Prompt compression condenses contexts while maintaining their informativeness for different usage scenarios. It not only shortens the inference time and reduces computational costs during the usage of large language models, but also lowers…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-21 Xiao Pu , Tianxing He , Xiaojun Wan

In Large Language Model (LLM) inference, Key-Value (KV) caches (KV-caches) are essential for reducing time complexity. However, they result in a linear increase in GPU memory as the context length grows. While recent work explores KV-cache…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-25 Ahmed Burak Gulhan , Krishna Teja Chitty-Venkata , Murali Emani , Mahmut Kandemir , Venkatram Vishwanath

KV cache quantization reduces the memory cost of long-context LLM inference, but introduces approximation error that is typically validated only empirically. Existing systems rely on average-case robustness, with no mechanism to detect or…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-21 Dean Calver

Language models handle increasingly long contexts for tasks such as book summarization, but this leads to growing memory costs for the key-value (KV) cache. Many prior works have proposed ways of discarding KVs from memory, but their…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-23 Adithya Bhaskar , Alexander Wettig , Tianyu Gao , Yihe Dong , Danqi Chen

Large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated strong capabilities in processing long contexts, enabling them to tackle tasks involving long textual inputs such as multi-turn conversations, legal documents, or retrieved documents in…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-25 Yuechi Zhou , Yi Su , Jianxin Zhang , Juntao Li , Qingrong Xia , Zhefeng Wang , Xinyu Duan , Baoxing Huai

Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly deployed in long-context tasks such as reasoning, code generation, and multi-turn dialogue. However, inference over extended contexts is bottlenecked by the Key-Value (KV) cache, whose memory…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-21 Seonghwan Choi , Beomseok Kang , Dongwon Jo , Jae-Joon Kim

Large Language Models (LLMs) excel across a variety of language tasks yet are constrained by limited input lengths and high computational costs. Existing approaches\textemdash such as relative positional encodings (e.g., RoPE, ALiBi) and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-18 Kun-Hui Lee , Eunhwan Park , Donghoon Han , Seung-Hoon Na

In large-scale recommender systems, ultra-long user behavior sequences encode rich signals of evolving interests. Extending sequence length generally improves accuracy, but directly modeling such sequences in production is infeasible due to…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-08-26 Kaiyuan Li , Yongxiang Tang , Yanhua Cheng , Yong Bai , Yanxiang Zeng , Chao Wang , Xialong Liu , Peng Jiang

To extend the context length of Transformer-based large language models (LLMs) and improve comprehension capabilities, we often face limitations due to computational resources and bounded memory storage capacity. This work introduces a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-11 Chensen Huang , Guibo Zhu , Xuepeng Wang , Yifei Luo , Guojing Ge , Haoran Chen , Dong Yi , Jinqiao Wang

Large language models (LLMs) utilize key-value (KV) cache to store historical information during sequence processing. The size of KV cache grows linearly as the length of the sequence extends, which seriously affects memory usage and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-16 Yijun Liu , Yixuan Wang , Yuzhuang Xu , Shiyu Ji , Yang Xu , Qingfu Zhu , Wanxiang Che

We describe KVLink, an approach for efficient key-value (KV) cache reuse in large language models (LLMs). In many LLM applications, different inputs can share overlapping context, such as the same retrieved document appearing in multiple…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-11 Jingbo Yang , Bairu Hou , Wei Wei , Yujia Bao , Shiyu Chang
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