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Inverse Reinforcement Learning (IRL) is the problem of finding a reward function which describes observed/known expert behavior. The IRL setting is remarkably useful for automated control, in situations where the reward function is…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-09-12 Gregory Dexter , Kevin Bello , Jean Honorio

Adversarial examples are firstly investigated in the area of computer vision: by adding some carefully designed ''noise'' to the original input image, the perturbed image that cannot be distinguished from the original one by human, can fool…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-06-02 Pengyue Wang , Yan Li , Shashi Shekhar , William F. Northrop

Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) depend on onboard sensors for perception, navigation, and control. However, these sensors are susceptible to physical attacks, such as GPS spoofing, that can corrupt state estimates and lead to unsafe…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-30 Pritam Dash , Ethan Chan , Nathan P. Lawrence , Karthik Pattabiraman

Robust training methods typically defend against specific attack types, such as Lp attacks with fixed budgets, and rarely account for the fact that defenders may encounter new attacks over time. A natural solution is to adapt the defended…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-07 Sihui Dai , Christian Cianfarani , Arjun Bhagoji , Vikash Sehwag , Prateek Mittal

Despite their effectiveness and popularity in offline or model-based reinforcement learning (RL), transformers remain underexplored in online model-free RL due to their sensitivity to training setups and model design decisions such as how…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-16 Nikita Kachaev , Daniil Zelezetsky , Egor Cherepanov , Alexey K. Kovelev , Aleksandr I. Panov

Most existing works focus on direct perturbations to the victim's state/action or the underlying transition dynamics to demonstrate the vulnerability of reinforcement learning agents to adversarial attacks. However, such direct…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-02-21 Xiangyu Liu , Souradip Chakraborty , Yanchao Sun , Furong Huang

Evaluating the worst-case performance of a reinforcement learning (RL) agent under the strongest/optimal adversarial perturbations on state observations (within some constraints) is crucial for understanding the robustness of RL agents.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-03-21 Yanchao Sun , Ruijie Zheng , Yongyuan Liang , Furong Huang

Recently, safe reinforcement learning (RL) with the actor-critic structure for continuous control tasks has received increasing attention. It is still challenging to learn a near-optimal control policy with safety and convergence…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-02-06 Xinglong Zhang , Yaoqian Peng , Biao Luo , Wei Pan , Xin Xu , Haibin Xie

This paper delves into designing stabilizing feedback control gains for continuous linear systems with unknown state matrix, in which the control is subject to a general structural constraint. We bring forth the ideas from reinforcement…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-11-11 Sayak Mukherjee , Thanh Long Vu

Reinforcement Learning (RL) is increasingly adopted to train agents that can deal with complex sequential tasks, such as driving an autonomous vehicle or controlling a humanoid robot. Correspondingly, novel approaches are needed to ensure…

Reinforcement Learning (RL) in various decision-making tasks of machine learning provides effective results with an agent learning from a stand-alone reward function. However, it presents unique challenges with large amounts of environment…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-03-10 Neda Navidi

This paper proposes a safe reinforcement learning (RL) framework based on forward-invariance-induced action-space design. The control problem is cast as a Markov decision process, but instead of relying on runtime shielding or penalty-based…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-04-10 Chieh Tsai , Muhammad Junayed Hasan Zahed , Salim Hariri , Hossein Rastgoftar

Due to limited resources and public safety concerns, deep reinforcement learning (RL) agents for many cyber-physical systems (e.g., autonomous vehicles) are first trained in simulators. However, when deployed in real world environments,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-28 Gengyue Han , Yiheng Feng

Adversarial examples have been shown to be the severe threat to deep neural networks (DNNs). One of the most effective adversarial defense methods is adversarial training (AT) through minimizing the adversarial risk $R_{adv}$, which…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-06-17 Yiming Li , Baoyuan Wu , Yan Feng , Yanbo Fan , Yong Jiang , Zhifeng Li , Shutao Xia

The objective of this study is to design and implement a reinforcement learning (RL) environment using D\&D 5E combat scenarios to challenge smaller RL agents through interaction with a robust adversarial agent controlled by advanced Large…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-03-21 Joseph Emmanuel DL Dayo , Michel Onasis S. Ogbinar , Prospero C. Naval

Components of cyber physical systems, which affect real-world processes, are often exposed to the internet. Replacing conventional control methods with Deep Reinforcement Learning (DRL) in energy systems is an active area of research, as…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-07-09 Kiernan Broda-Milian , Ranwa Al-Mallah , Hanane Dagdougui

Reinforcement learning (RL) has become a foundational approach for enabling intelligent robotic behavior in dynamic and uncertain environments. This work presents an in-depth review of RL principles, advanced deep reinforcement learning…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-03-17 Kumater Ter , Abolanle Adetifa , Daniel Udekwe

Constrained Reinforcement Learning (CRL) aims to optimize decision-making policies under constraint conditions, making it highly applicable to safety-critical domains such as autonomous driving, robotics, and power grid management. However,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-16 Wentao Xu , Zhongming Yao , Weihao Li , Zhenghang Song , Yumeng Song , Tianyi Li , Yushuai Li

Despite the successful application of machine learning (ML) in a wide range of domains, adaptability---the very property that makes machine learning desirable---can be exploited by adversaries to contaminate training and evade…

Reinforcement learning (RL) has emerged as a powerful paradigm for enhancing the reasoning capabilities of large language models (LLMs). While RL has demonstrated substantial performance gains, it still faces key challenges, including low…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-18 Yihang Yao , Guangtao Zeng , Raina Wu , Yang Zhang , Ding Zhao , Zhang-Wei Hong , Chuang Gan