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Stochastic optimization is a pivotal enabler in modern machine learning, producing effective models for various tasks. However, several existing works have shown that model parameters and gradient information are susceptible to privacy…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-15 Zhanhong Jiang , Md Zahid Hasan , Nastaran Saadati , Aditya Balu , Chao Liu , Soumik Sarkar

Differentially private stochastic gradient descent (DP-SGD) has been instrumental in privately training deep learning models by providing a framework to control and track the privacy loss incurred during training. At the core of this…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-08-21 Jeremiah Birrell , Reza Ebrahimi , Rouzbeh Behnia , Jason Pacheco

We address the challenge of sample efficiency in differentially private fine-tuning of large language models (LLMs) using DP-SGD. While DP-SGD provides strong privacy guarantees, the added noise significantly increases the entropy of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-12 Ali Dadsetan , Frank Rudzicz

Classical differential private DP-SGD implements individual clipping with random subsampling, which forces a mini-batch SGD approach. We provide a general differential private algorithmic framework that goes beyond DP-SGD and allows any…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-07-26 Marten van Dijk , Phuong Ha Nguyen , Toan N. Nguyen , Lam M. Nguyen

The interplay between optimization and privacy has become a central theme in privacy-preserving machine learning. Noisy stochastic gradient descent (SGD) has emerged as a cornerstone algorithm, particularly in large-scale settings. These…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-21 Shurong Lin , Eric D. Kolaczyk , Adam Smith , Elliot Paquette

Federated learning is distributed model training across several clients without disclosing raw data. Despite advancements in data privacy, risks still remain. Differential Privacy (DP) is a technique to protect sensitive data by adding…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-14 Tejash Varsani

Developing machine learning methods that are privacy preserving is today a central topic of research, with huge practical impacts. Among the numerous ways to address privacy-preserving learning, we here take the perspective of computing the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-07-06 Alain Rakotomamonjy , Liva Ralaivola

Privacy-preserving training on sensitive data commonly relies on differentially private stochastic optimization with gradient clipping and Gaussian noise. The clipping threshold is a critical control knob: if set too small, systematic…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-12 Mohammad Partohaghighi , Roummel Marcia , Bruce J. West , YangQuan Chen

Large language models (LLMs) frequently memorize sensitive or personal information, raising significant privacy concerns. Existing variants of differential privacy stochastic gradient descent (DPSGD) inject uniform noise into every gradient…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-30 Manjiang Yu , Priyanka Singh , Xue Li , Yang Cao

Many forms of sensitive data, such as web traffic, mobility data, or hospital occupancy, are inherently sequential. The standard method for training machine learning models while ensuring privacy for units of sensitive information, such as…

We introduce the Balls-and-Bins sampling for differentially private (DP) optimization methods such as DP-SGD. While it has been common practice to use some form of shuffling in DP-SGD implementations, privacy accounting algorithms have…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-04-02 Lynn Chua , Badih Ghazi , Charlie Harrison , Ethan Leeman , Pritish Kamath , Ravi Kumar , Pasin Manurangsi , Amer Sinha , Chiyuan Zhang

Recent research shows that modern deep learning models achieve high predictive accuracy partly by memorizing individual training samples. Such memorization raises serious privacy concerns, motivating the widespread adoption of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-05 Jiaming Zhang , Huanyi Xie , Meng Ding , Shaopeng Fu , Jinyan Liu , Di Wang

We consider a decentralized learning setting in which data is distributed over nodes in a graph. The goal is to learn a global model on the distributed data without involving any central entity that needs to be trusted. While gossip-based…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2021-03-17 Ghadir Ayache , Salim El Rouayheb

Many high-stakes applications require machine learning models that protect user privacy and provide well-calibrated, accurate predictions. While Differential Privacy (DP) is the gold standard for protecting user privacy, standard DP…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-09 Ossi Räisä , Stratis Markou , Matthew Ashman , Wessel P. Bruinsma , Marlon Tobaben , Antti Honkela , Richard E. Turner

Deep learning models are known to put the privacy of their training data at risk, which poses challenges for their safe and ethical release to the public. Differentially private stochastic gradient descent is the de facto standard for…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-01-03 Morgane Ayle , Jan Schuchardt , Lukas Gosch , Daniel Zügner , Stephan Günnemann

A central issue in machine learning is how to train models on sensitive user data. Industry has widely adopted a simple algorithm: Stochastic Gradient Descent with noise (a.k.a. Stochastic Gradient Langevin Dynamics). However, foundational…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-03-01 Jason M. Altschuler , Kunal Talwar

In federated learning collaborative learning takes place by a set of clients who each want to remain in control of how their local training data is used, in particular, how can each client's local training data remain private? Differential…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-07-18 Marten van Dijk , Phuong Ha Nguyen

Models need to be trained with privacy-preserving learning algorithms to prevent leakage of possibly sensitive information contained in their training data. However, canonical algorithms like differentially private stochastic gradient…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-10-06 Yannis Cattan , Christopher A. Choquette-Choo , Nicolas Papernot , Abhradeep Thakurta

Decentralized min-max optimization allows multi-agent systems to collaboratively solve global min-max optimization problems by facilitating the exchange of model updates among neighboring agents, eliminating the need for a central server.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-12 Yueyang Quan , Chang Wang , Shengjie Zhai , Minghong Fang , Zhuqing Liu

For gradient-based machine learning (ML) methods commonly adopted in practice such as stochastic gradient descent, the de facto differential privacy (DP) technique is perturbing the gradients with random Gaussian noise. Data valuation…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-12-24 Zijian Zhou , Xinyi Xu , Daniela Rus , Bryan Kian Hsiang Low