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The generation of certifiable randomness is the most fundamental information-theoretic task that meaningfully separates quantum devices from their classical counterparts. We propose a protocol for exponential certified randomness expansion…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-01-14 Matthew Coudron , Jalex Stark , Thomas Vidick

There are various gate sets that can be used to describe a quantum computation. A particularly popular gate set in the literature on quantum computing consists of arbitrary single-qubit gates and 2-qubit CNOT gates. A CNOT gate is however…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-09-05 John van de Wetering

Current quantum computing hardware is restricted by the availability of only few, noisy qubits which limits the investigation of larger, more complex molecules in quantum chemistry calculations on quantum computers in the near-term. In this…

Quantum error correction is believed to be essential for scalable quantum computation, but its implementation is challenging due to its considerable space-time overhead. Motivated by recent experiments demonstrating efficient manipulation…

The Clifford group plays a central role in quantum randomized benchmarking, quantum tomography, and error correction protocols. Here we study the structural properties of this group. We show that any Clifford operator can be uniquely…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-04-11 Sergey Bravyi , Dmitri Maslov

Quantum information science strives to leverage the quantum-mechanical nature of our universe in order to achieve large improvements in certain information processing tasks. In deep-space optical communications, current receivers for the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-04-16 Narayanan Rengaswamy

Mid-circuit measurements and measurement-controlled gates are supported by an increasing number of quantum hardware platforms and will become more relevant as an essential building block for quantum error correction. However, mid-circuit…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-02-27 Yanbin Chen , Innocenzo Fulginiti , Christian B. Mendl

Random quantum circuit is a minimally structured model to study the entanglement dynamics of many-body quantum systems. In this paper, we considered a one-dimensional quantum circuit with noisy Haar-random unitary gates using density matrix…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-05-16 Qi Zhang , Guang-Ming Zhang

The relevance of shallow-depth quantum circuits has recently increased, mainly due to their applicability to near-term devices. In this context, one of the main goals of quantum circuit complexity is to find problems that can be solved by…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-03-12 Alex Bredariol Grilo , Elham Kashefi , Damian Markham , Michael de Oliveira

The classical simulation of quantum circuits is of central importance for benchmarking near-term quantum devices. The fact that gates belonging to the Clifford group can be simulated efficiently on classical computers has motivated a range…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-07-12 Tomislav Begušić , Kasra Hejazi , Garnet Kin-Lic Chan

Classical simulation of noisy quantum circuits is essential for understanding quantum computing experiments. It enables scalable error characterization, analysis of how noise impacts quantum algorithms, and optimized implementations of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-04-22 Ashe Miller , Corey Ostrove , Jordan Hines , Robin Blume-Kohout , Kevin Young , Timothy Proctor

While scalable error correction schemes and fault tolerant quantum computing seem not to be universally accessible in the near sight, the efforts of many researchers have been directed to the exploration of the contemporary available…

Quantifying quantum states' complexity is a key problem in various subfields of science, from quantum computing to black-hole physics. We prove a prominent conjecture by Brown and Susskind about how random quantum circuits' complexity…

Noise is inevitable in realistic quantum circuits. It arises randomly in space. Inspired by spatial non-uniformity of the noise, we investigate the effects of spatial modulation on purification phase transitions in a hybrid random Clifford…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-01-22 Kengo Anzai , Hiroaki Matsueda , Yoshihito Kuno

We present an initialisation method for variational quantum algorithms applicable to intermediate scale quantum computers. The method uses simulated annealing of the efficiently simulable Clifford parameter points as a pre-optimisation to…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-07-05 M. H. Cheng , K. E. Khosla , C. N. Self , M. Lin , B. X. Li , A. C. Medina , M. S. Kim

We explore the flow of quantum correlations in cluster states defined on ladder type graphs as measurements are done on qubits located on the nodes of the cluster. We focus on three qubits at the end of the ladder and compute the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-01-13 Chandan Mahto , Anil Shaji

Measurement-induced phase transitions (MIPT) have attracted increasing attention due to the rich phenomenology of entanglement structures and their relation with quantum information processing. Since physical systems are unavoidably coupled…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-05-30 Shuo Liu , Ming-Rui Li , Shi-Xin Zhang , Shao-Kai Jian , Hong Yao

We propose a quantum computation architecture based on geometries with nearest-neighbor interactions, including e.g. planar structures. We show how to efficiently split the role of qubits into data and entanglement-generation qubits.…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-01-28 Wolfgang Dür

We demonstrate a new technique that adapts single-qubit randomized benchmarking to two-qubit M{\o}lmer-S{\o}rensen gates. We use the controllable gate phase to generate Cliffords that act on a two-state subspace, enabling benchmarking of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-10-13 R. T. Sutherland , A. C. Hughes , J. P. Marceaux , H. M. Knaack , C. M. Löschnauer , R. Srinivas

We present a universal quantum computing architecture which combines the measurement-driven aspect of MBQC with the circuit model's algorithm dependent generation of qubit entanglement. Our architecture, which we call QGATE, is tailored for…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-03-20 Samuel J. Sheldon , Pieter Kok , Callum W. Duncan