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Studies have shown that the use of pulsar timing arrays (PTAs) is among the approaches with the highest potential to detect very low-frequency gravitational waves in the near future. Although the capture of gravitational waves (GWs) by PTAs…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2020-10-13 MengNi Chen , Yuanhong Zhong , Yi Feng , Di Li , Jin Li

The astrophysical stochastic gravitational wave background (SGWB) originates from numerous faint sub-threshold gravitational wave (GW) signals arising from the coalescing binary compact objects. This background is expected to be discovered…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2024-03-05 Ramit Dey , Luís Felipe Longo Micchi , Suvodip Mukherjee , Niayesh Afshordi

We estimate the stochastic gravitational wave (GW) background signal from the field population of coalescing binary stellar mass black holes (BHs) throughout the Universe. This study is motivated by recent observations of BH-Wolf-Rayet star…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2011-09-15 Xing-Jiang Zhu , Eric Howell , Tania Regimbau , David Blair , Zong-Hong Zhu

In this letter we carry out the first systematic investigation of the expected gravitational wave (GW) background generated by supermassive black hole (SMBH) binaries in the nHz frequency band accessible to pulsar timing arrays (PTAs). We…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2015-06-12 A. Sesana

The recent astronomical milestone by the pulsar timing arrays (PTA) has revealed galactic-size gravitational waves (GW) in the form of a stochastic gravitational wave background (SGWB), correlating the radio pulses emitted by millisecond…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2024-11-08 Reginald Christian Bernardo , Kin-Wang Ng

NANOGrav, EPTA, PPTA, and CPTA have announced the evidence for a stochastic signal from their latest data sets. Supermassive black hole binaries (SMBHBs) are supposed to be the most promising gravitational-wave (GW) sources of pulsar timing…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2023-11-16 Yan-Chen Bi , Yu-Mei Wu , Zu-Cheng Chen , Qing-Guo Huang

The mechanism for gamma ray bursters and the detection of gravitational waves (GWs) are two outstanding problems facing modern physics. Many models of gamma ray bursters predict copious GW emission, so the assumption of an association…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-10-31 M. T. Murphy , J. K. Webb , I. S. Heng

Recent detection of nHz stochastic gravitational wave background (SGWB) by multiple pulsar timing arrays (PTAs) has stimulated intensive discussions about its physical origin. In principle, either supermassive black hole binaries (SMBHBs)…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2025-02-10 Xiao Xue , Zhen Pan , Liang Dai

Gravitational waves (GWs) at ultra-low frequencies (${\lesssim 100\,\mathrm{nHz}}$) are key to understanding the assembly and evolution of astrophysical black hole (BH) binaries with masses $\sim 10^{6}-10^{9}\,M_\odot$ at low redshifts.…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2021-10-26 Christopher J. Moore , Alberto Vecchio

Astrophysical compact binary systems consisting of neutron stars and blackholes are an important class of gravitational wave (GW) sources for advanced LIGO detectors. Accurate theoretical waveform models from the inspiral, merger and…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2017-11-15 Soumen Roy , Anand S. Sengupta , Nilay Thakor

Highly energetic astrophysical phenomena like supermassive black hole binary (SMBHB) mergers are predicted to emit prodigious amounts of gravitational waves (GWs). An anticipated component of the gravitational waveform known as "memory" is…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2015-06-19 D. R. Madison , J. M. Cordes , S. Chatterjee

One of the most promising targets for Pulsar Timing Arrays (PTAs) is identifying an individual supermassive black hole binary (SMBHB) out of the population of binaries theorized to produce a gravitational wave background (GWB). In this…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2026-04-21 Levi Schult , Polina Petrov , Stephen R. Taylor , Nihan Pol , Nima Laal , Maria Charisi , Chung-Pei Ma

The degree of Gaussianity of a field offers insights into its cosmological nature, and its statistical properties serve as indicators of its Gaussianity. In this work, we examine the signatures of Gaussianity in a gravitational wave…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2025-01-10 Reginald Christian Bernardo , Stephen Appleby , Kin-Wang Ng

The circular polarization of the stochastic gravitational wave background (SGWB) is a key observable for characterising the origin of the signal detected by Pulsar Timing Array (PTA) collaborations. Both the astrophysical and the…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2024-06-10 N. M. Jiménez Cruz , Ameek Malhotra , Gianmassimo Tasinato , Ivonne Zavala

The detection of the Stochastic Gravitational Wave Background (SGWB) is one of the most challenging tasks for both current and next-generation detectors. Successfully distinguishing the SGWB from instrumental noise and environmental effects…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2025-07-22 Ilaria Caporali , Angelo Ricciardone

We assess the detectability of a nanohertz gravitational wave (GW) background with respect to additive red and white noise in the timing of millisecond pulsars. We develop detection criteria based on the cross-correlation function summed…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2015-05-28 J. M. Cordes , R. M. Shannon

Efforts to detect gravitational waves by timing an array of pulsars have focused traditionally on stationary gravitational waves: e.g., stochastic or periodic signals. Gravitational wave bursts --- signals whose duration is much shorter…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2014-11-20 Lee Samuel Finn , Andrea N. Lommen

The stochastic gravitational wave background (SGWB) offers a new opportunity to observe signals of primordial features from inflationary models. We study their detectability with future space-based gravitational waves experiments, focusing…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2021-03-17 Matteo Braglia , Xingang Chen , Dhiraj Kumar Hazra

We describe several new techniques which accelerate Bayesian searches for continuous gravitational-wave emission from supermassive black-hole binaries using pulsar timing arrays. These techniques mitigate the problematic increase of…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2014-11-25 Stephen Taylor , Justin Ellis , Jonathan Gair

Pulsar-timing arrays (PTAs) are in the near future expected to detect a stochastic gravitational-wave background (SGWB) produced by a population of inspiralling super-massive black hole binaries. In this work, we consider a background that…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2022-07-20 Gabriela Sato-Polito , Marc Kamionkowski