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It is well-known that if we gauge a $\mathbb{Z}_n$ symmetry in two dimensions, a dual $\mathbb{Z}_n$ symmetry appears, such that re-gauging this dual $\mathbb{Z}_n$ symmetry leads back to the original theory. We describe how this can be…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2020-05-20 Lakshya Bhardwaj , Yuji Tachikawa

We study non-invertible global symmetries in 4d quantum field theories, aiming to generalize existing discussions to theories with multiple instantons and axions, and to make the subject more accessible to particle phenomenology. Building…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2025-10-22 Sungwoo Hong , Hyungyu Kim , Sung Mook Lee , Dongmin Seo

A $q$-form global symmetry is a global symmetry for which the charged operators are of space-time dimension $q$; e.g. Wilson lines, surface defects, etc., and the charged excitations have $q$ spatial dimensions; e.g. strings, membranes,…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2015-06-23 Davide Gaiotto , Anton Kapustin , Nathan Seiberg , Brian Willett

These Lectures summarize the relevant material on existent applications of jet manifold techniques to classical and quantum field theory. The following topics are included: 1. Fibre bundles, 2. Jet manifolds, 3. Connections, 4. Lagrangian…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 G. Sardanashvily

A longstanding conjecture states that global symmetries should be absent in quantum gravity. By investigating large classes of Type IIB four-dimensional $\mathcal{N}=2$ effective field theories, we enlist the potential generalized global…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2023-11-28 Thomas W. Grimm , Stefano Lanza , Thomas van Vuren

These are lecture notes mainly aimed at graduate students on selected aspects of generalized geometry: in particular generalized complex and Kaehler structures and generalized holomorphic bundles. They are based on lectures given in March…

Differential Geometry · Mathematics 2010-08-06 Nigel Hitchin

These are lecture notes expanding upon a set of lectures given by G.M. at the TASI 2023 School. Part I is an introduction to topological field theory, including extended topological field theory. Part II is an introduction to generalized…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2025-10-10 Gregory W. Moore , Vivek Saxena

We consider Abelian extensions of global symmetries of the form $A \to G \to K$, with $A$ finite (and similar higher-group structures). For a quantum field theory $\mathcal{T}$ with symmetry $G$, we compare gauging $G$ directly with gauging…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2026-03-24 Riccardo Villa

A review is given on the foundations and applications of non-Hermitian classical and quantum physics. First, key theorems and central concepts in non-Hermitian linear algebra, including Jordan normal form, biorthogonality, exceptional…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2021-04-28 Yuto Ashida , Zongping Gong , Masahito Ueda

These are expanded lecture notes of a mini-course whose objectives were to introduce the basic concepts, constructions and techniques of noncommutative geometry, as well as their uses as a framework for modelling quantum spacetime. Key…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2025-12-08 Richard J. Szabo

This review presents an overview of various kinds of models -- physical, abstract, mathematical, visual -- that can be used to present the concepts and applications of Einstein's general theory of relativity at the level of undergraduate…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2019-01-01 Markus Pössel

Gauge theory is the foundation of the particle physics Standard Model (SM). Considering the multiple gauge sectors for one gauge transformation, we study the generalized Abelian and non-Abelian (Yang-Mills theory) gauge theories. We first…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2018-08-15 Tianjun Li

We introduce a framework for internal topological symmetries in quantum field theory, including "noninvertible symmetries" and "categorical symmetries". This leads to a calculus of topological defects which takes full advantage of…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2024-08-01 Daniel S. Freed , Gregory W. Moore , Constantin Teleman

We give detailed exposition of modern differential geometry from global coordinate independent point of view as well as local coordinate description suited for actual computations. In introduction, we consider Euclidean spaces and different…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2024-01-26 M. O. Katanaev

We present an overview of some recent developments in the theory of generalized formal series, grounded in diffeological geometric framework. These constructions aim to offer new tools for understanding infinite-dimensional phenomena in…

History and Overview · Mathematics 2025-08-25 Jean-Pierre Magnot

We study some topological aspects of non-abelian gauge theories intimately connected to the Lie algebras of the gauge groups and the homotopy theory in the generalized gauge orbit space. The physics connection to the non-perturbative…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2009-10-22 Huazhong Zhang

It is customary to couple a quantum system to external classical fields. One application is to couple the global symmetries of the system (including the Poincar\'{e} symmetry) to background gauge fields (and a metric for the Poincar\'{e}…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2020-01-08 Clay Cordova , Daniel S. Freed , Ho Tat Lam , Nathan Seiberg

Generalized global symmetries, in particular non-invertible and categorical symmetries, have become a focal point in the recent study of quantum field theory (QFT). In this paper, we investigate aspects of symmetry topological field…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2024-10-04 Sebastian Franco , Xingyang Yu

We explore the notion of approximate global symmetries in quantum field theory and quantum gravity. We show that a variety of conjectures about quantum gravity, including the weak gravity conjecture, the distance conjecture, and the…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2022-12-14 Clay Cordova , Kantaro Ohmori , Tom Rudelius

We investigate the phase space of a typical model of 1+1 dimensional gravity (Jackiw-Teitelboim model with cylindrical topology) using its reformulation as a non abelian gauge theory based on the sl(2,R) algebra. Modifying the conventional…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2009-10-28 P. Schaller , T. Strobl