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Before deploying autonomous agents in the real world, we need to be confident they will perform safely in novel situations. Ideally, we would expose agents to a very wide range of situations during training, allowing them to learn about…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-07-03 Zachary Kenton , Angelos Filos , Owain Evans , Yarin Gal

Deep Reinforcement Learning (DRL) aims to create intelligent agents that can learn to solve complex problems efficiently in a real-world environment. Typically, two learning goals: adaptation and generalization are used for baselining DRL…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-02-18 Pamul Yadav , Ashutosh Mishra , Junyong Lee , Shiho Kim

Reinforcement Learning (RL) has achieved tremendous development in recent years, but still faces significant obstacles in addressing complex real-life problems due to the issues of poor system generalization, low sample efficiency as well…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-02-25 Chao Yu , Shicheng Ye , Hankz Hankui Zhuo

Many reinforcement learning (RL) environments consist of independent entities that interact sparsely. In such environments, RL agents have only limited influence over other entities in any particular situation. Our idea in this work is that…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-12-03 Maximilian Seitzer , Bernhard Schölkopf , Georg Martius

Reinforcement Learning is a mature technology, often suggested as a potential route towards Artificial General Intelligence, with the ambitious goal of replicating the wide range of abilities found in natural and artificial intelligence,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-25 Markus D. Solbach , John K. Tsotsos

Dealing with non-stationarity in environments (e.g., in the transition dynamics) and objectives (e.g., in the reward functions) is a challenging problem that is crucial in real-world applications of reinforcement learning (RL). While most…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-10-19 Fan Feng , Biwei Huang , Kun Zhang , Sara Magliacane

Many open problems in machine learning are intrinsically related to causality, however, the use of causal analysis in machine learning is still in its early stage. Within a general reinforcement learning setting, we consider the problem of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-05-18 Tue Herlau , Rasmus Larsen

Traditional multi-agent reinforcement learning (MARL) algorithms, such as independent Q-learning, struggle when presented with partially observable scenarios, and where agents are required to develop delicate action sequences. This is often…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-11-21 F. Bredell , H. A. Engelbrecht , J. C. Schoeman

At the core of self-supervised learning for vision is the idea of learning invariant or equivariant representations with respect to a set of data transformations. This approach, however, introduces strong inductive biases, which can render…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-05-29 Sharut Gupta , Chenyu Wang , Yifei Wang , Tommi Jaakkola , Stefanie Jegelka

Using Reinforcement Learning (RL) to learn new robotic tasks from scratch is often inefficient. Leveraging prior knowledge has the potential to significantly enhance learning efficiency, which, however, raises two critical challenges: how…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-06-10 Zechen Hu , Tong Xu , Xuesu Xiao , Xuan Wang

Agents trained via deep reinforcement learning (RL) routinely fail to generalize to unseen environments, even when these share the same underlying dynamics as the training levels. Understanding the generalization properties of RL is one of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-11-03 Martin Bertran , Natalia Martinez , Mariano Phielipp , Guillermo Sapiro

Representation learning algorithms are designed to learn abstract features that characterize data. State representation learning (SRL) focuses on a particular kind of representation learning where learned features are in low dimension,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2018-10-30 Timothée Lesort , Natalia Díaz-Rodríguez , Jean-François Goudou , David Filliat

Foundation models have shown impressive adaptation and scalability in supervised and self-supervised learning problems, but so far these successes have not fully translated to reinforcement learning (RL). In this work, we demonstrate that…

Modern reinforcement learning (RL) struggles to capture real-world cause-and-effect dynamics, leading to inefficient exploration due to extensive trial-and-error actions. While recent efforts to improve agent exploration have leveraged…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-07-18 Minh Hoang Nguyen , Hung Le , Svetha Venkatesh

Single-task RL agents are typically trained under a fixed reward function, which limits their robustness to reward misspecification and their ability to adapt to changing preferences. We introduce Reward-Conditioned Reinforcement Learning…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-20 Michal Nauman , Marek Cygan , Pieter Abbeel

Though deep reinforcement learning agents have achieved unprecedented success in recent years, their learned policies can be brittle, failing to generalize to even slight modifications of their environments or unfamiliar situations. The…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2021-12-13 Yiheng Xie , Mingxuan Li , Shangqun Yu , Michael Littman

Reinforcement Learning enables agents to learn optimal behaviors through interactions with environments. However, real-world environments are typically non-stationary, requiring agents to continuously adapt to new tasks and changing…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-01-21 Jinwu Hu , Zihao Lian , Zhiquan Wen , Chenghao Li , Guohao Chen , Xutao Wen , Bin Xiao , Mingkui Tan

In the quest for efficient and robust reinforcement learning methods, both model-free and model-based approaches offer advantages. In this paper we propose a new way of explicitly bridging both approaches via a shared low-dimensional…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-11-20 Vincent François-Lavet , Yoshua Bengio , Doina Precup , Joelle Pineau

Autonomous urban driving navigation with complex multi-agent dynamics is under-explored due to the difficulty of learning an optimal driving policy. The traditional modular pipeline heavily relies on hand-designed rules and the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2018-07-11 Xiaodan Liang , Tairui Wang , Luona Yang , Eric Xing

While Reinforcement Learning has made great strides towards solving ever more complicated tasks, many algorithms are still brittle to even slight changes in their environment. This is a limiting factor for real-world applications of RL.…