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Precipitation is dependent on a myriad of atmospheric conditions. In this paper, we study how certain atmospheric parameters impact the occurrence of rainfall. We propose a data-driven, machine-learning based methodology to detect…

Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics · Physics 2018-05-08 Shilpa Manandhar , Soumyabrata Dev , Yee Hui Lee , Yu Song Meng , Stefan Winkler

Spherically embedded spatial data are spatially indexed observations whose values naturally reside on or can be equivalently mapped to the unit sphere. Such data are increasingly ubiquitous in fields ranging from geochemistry to demography.…

Methodology · Statistics 2026-01-26 Jiazhen Xu , Han Lin Shang

High-resolution rainfall estimates from satellite and reanalysis sources (SRE) could play a major role in improving climate services for agriculture. This is particularly relevant in regions that rely on rain-fed farming but lack a dense…

Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics · Physics 2026-03-18 Danny Parsons , David Stern , Denis Ndanguza , Mouhamadou Bamba Sylla , James Musyoka , John Bagiliko , Graham Clarkson , Peter Dorward

Squared Wasserstein distance is a frequently used tool to measure discrepancy between probability distributions. This distance is typically computed between empirical measures of size $n$ from two underlying random samples. Unfortunately,…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2026-05-20 Peter Matthew Jacobs , Jeff M. Phillips

As climate change intensifies, the urgency for accurate global-scale disaster predictions grows. This research presents a novel multimodal disaster prediction framework, combining weather statistics, satellite imagery, and textual insights.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-10-02 Gengyin Liu , Huaiyang Zhong

Intense precipitation events are commonly known to be associated with an increased risk of flooding. As a result of the societal and infrastructural risks linked with flooding, extremes of precipitation require careful modelling. Extreme…

Applications · Statistics 2017-10-06 Paul Sharkey , Hugo C. Winter

Precipitation remains one of the most challenging climate variables to observe and predict accurately. Existing datasets face intricate trade-offs: gauge observations are relatively trustworthy but sparse, satellites provide global coverage…

Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics · Physics 2025-06-24 Sencan Sun , Congyi Nai , Baoxiang Pan , Wentao Li , Lu Li , Xin Li , Efi Foufoula-Georgiou , Yanluan Lin

In this paper we present the first results ever obtained by applying the autoregressive (AR) technique to the precipitable water vapour (PWV). The study is performed at the Very Large Telescope. The AR technique has been recently proposed…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2020-09-02 A. Turchi , E. Masciadri , P. Pathak , M. Kasper

Gridded data products, for example interpolated daily measurements of precipitation from weather stations, are commonly used as a convenient substitute for direct observations because these products provide a spatially and temporally…

Existing approaches to depth or disparity estimation output a distribution over a set of pre-defined discrete values. This leads to inaccurate results when the true depth or disparity does not match any of these values. The fact that this…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-03-30 Divyansh Garg , Yan Wang , Bharath Hariharan , Mark Campbell , Kilian Q. Weinberger , Wei-Lun Chao

Accurate spatial-temporal prediction of network-based travelers' requests is crucial for the effective policy design of ridesharing platforms. Having knowledge of the total demand between various locations in the upcoming time slots enables…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-04-01 Run Yang , Runpeng Dai , Siran Gao , Xiaocheng Tang , Fan Zhou , Hongtu Zhu

Precipitation nowcasting is an important spatio-temporal prediction task to predict the radar echoes sequences based on current observations, which can serve both meteorological science and smart city applications. Due to the chaotic…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-03-27 Demin Yu , Xutao Li , Yunming Ye , Baoquan Zhang , Chuyao Luo , Kuai Dai , Rui Wang , Xunlai Chen

Water demand is a highly important variable for operational control and decision making. Hence, the development of accurate forecasts is a valuable field of research to further improve the efficiency of water utilities. Focusing on…

Applications · Statistics 2020-05-12 Jens Kley-Holsteg , Florian Ziel

In this paper, we present Pangu-Weather, a deep learning based system for fast and accurate global weather forecast. For this purpose, we establish a data-driven environment by downloading $43$ years of hourly global weather data from the…

Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics · Physics 2022-11-07 Kaifeng Bi , Lingxi Xie , Hengheng Zhang , Xin Chen , Xiaotao Gu , Qi Tian

The development of safe and reliable autonomous unmanned aerial vehicles relies on the ability of the system to recognise and adapt to changes in the local environment based on sensor inputs. State-of-the-art local tracking and trajectory…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-02-12 Andrea Albanese , Yanran Wang , Davide Brunelli , David Boyle

Accurate precipitation forecasting is indispensable for informed decision-making across various industries. However, the computational demands of current models raise environmental concerns. We address the critical need for accurate…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-12-01 Akshay Punjabi , Pablo Izquierdo Ayala

Wind downscaling is essential for improving the spatial resolution of weather forecasts, particularly in operational Numerical Weather Prediction (NWP). This study advances wind downscaling by extending the DownGAN framework introduced by…

The objective of this work is to provide high-resolution rain rate maps at short lead-time forecasts (nowcasts) necessary to anticipate flooding and properly manage sewage systems in urban areas by combining radars, rain gauges, and…

Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics · Physics 2018-10-30 Blandine Bianchi , Peter Jan van Leeuwen , Robin J. Hogan , Alexis Berne

High-dimensional time series forecasting suffers from severe overfitting when the number of predictors exceeds available observations, making standard local projection methods unstable and unreliable. We propose an enhanced Random Subspace…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-10 Eman Khalid , Moimma Ali Khan , Zarmeena Ali , Abdullah Illyas , Muhammad Usman , Saoud Ahmed

Earth system forecasting has traditionally relied on complex physical models that are computationally expensive and require significant domain expertise. In the past decade, the unprecedented increase in spatiotemporal Earth observation…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-12-29 Zhihan Gao , Xingjian Shi , Boran Han , Hao Wang , Xiaoyong Jin , Danielle Maddix , Yi Zhu , Mu Li , Yuyang Wang