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Fine-tuning is essential to adapt general-purpose large language models (LLMs) to domain-specific tasks. As a privacy-preserving framework to leverage decentralized data for collaborative model training, Federated Learning (FL) is gaining…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-04 Guohao Yang , Tongle Wu , Yuanxiong Guo , Ying Sun , Yanmin Gong

The rapid proliferation of large language models (LLMs) has created an unprecedented demand for fine-tuning models for specialized domains, such as medical science. While federated learning (FL) offers a decentralized and privacy-preserving…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-25 Amir Faiyaz , Tara Salman

In this paper, we introduce a method for fine-tuning Large Language Models (LLMs), inspired by Multi-Task learning in a federated manner. Our approach leverages the structure of each client's model and enables a learning scheme that…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-22 Ahmed Elbakary , Chaouki Ben Issaid , Tamer ElBatt , Karim Seddik , Mehdi Bennis

Federated Learning (FL) is a collaborative machine learning framework that allows multiple users to train models utilizing their local data in a distributed manner. However, considerable statistical heterogeneity in local data across…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-09-10 Qi Le , Enmao Diao , Xinran Wang , Vahid Tarokh , Jie Ding , Ali Anwar

Large Language Models (LLMs) are transforming the landscape of mobile intelligence. Federated Learning (FL), a method to preserve user data privacy, is often employed in fine-tuning LLMs to downstream mobile tasks, an approach known as…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-01-23 Mengwei Xu , Dongqi Cai , Yaozong Wu , Xiang Li , Shangguang Wang

The integration of Large Language Models (LLMs) and Federated Learning (FL) presents a promising solution for joint training on distributed data while preserving privacy and addressing data silo issues. However, this emerging field, known…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-05-15 Wenhao Jiang , Yuchuan Luo , Guilin Deng , Silong Chen , Xu Yang , Shihong Wu , Xinwen Gao , Lin Liu , Shaojing Fu

One underlying assumption of recent federated learning (FL) paradigms is that all local models usually share the same network architecture and size, which becomes impractical for devices with different hardware resources. A scalable…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-05-27 Dezhong Yao , Wanning Pan , Michael J O'Neill , Yutong Dai , Yao Wan , Hai Jin , Lichao Sun

To protect privacy and meet legal regulations, federated learning (FL) has gained significant attention for training speech-to-text (S2T) systems, including automatic speech recognition (ASR) and speech translation (ST). However, the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-01-22 Yichao Du , Zhirui Zhang , Linan Yue , Xu Huang , Yuqing Zhang , Tong Xu , Linli Xu , Enhong Chen

Federated Learning (FL) is an increasingly popular machine learning paradigm in which multiple nodes try to collaboratively learn under privacy, communication and multiple heterogeneity constraints. A persistent problem in federated…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-02-24 Elnur Gasanov , Ahmed Khaled , Samuel Horváth , Peter Richtárik

Fine-tuning large language models (LLMs) with local data is a widely adopted approach for organizations seeking to adapt LLMs to their specific domains. Given the shared characteristics in data across different organizations, the idea of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-26 Wenkai Guo , Xuefeng Liu , Haolin Wang , Jianwei Niu , Shaojie Tang , Jing Yuan

Federated Learning (FL) has gained significant attention in distributed machine learning by enabling collaborative model training across decentralized system while preserving data privacy. Although extensive research has addressed…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2026-05-05 Ahmad Dabaja , Rachid El-Azouzi

Federated Learning (FL) is a privacy-protected machine learning paradigm that allows model to be trained directly at the edge without uploading data. One of the biggest challenges faced by FL in practical applications is the heterogeneity…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-08-20 Zirui Zhu , Ziyi Ye

Federated learning (FL) has recently emerged as an important and promising learning scheme in IoT, enabling devices to jointly learn a model without sharing their raw data sets. However, as the training data in FL is not collected and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-05-04 Shuo Wan , Jiaxun Lu , Pingyi Fan , Yunfeng Shao , Chenghui Peng , Khaled B. letaief

Federated learning (FL) is a framework for machine learning across heterogeneous client devices in a privacy-preserving fashion. To date, most FL algorithms learn a "global" server model across multiple rounds. At each round, the same…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-08-22 Zachary Charles , Kallista Bonawitz , Stanislav Chiknavaryan , Brendan McMahan , Blaise Agüera y Arcas

The increasing demand for privacy-preserving collaborative learning has given rise to a new computing paradigm called federated learning (FL), in which clients collaboratively train a machine learning (ML) model without revealing their…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2022-05-31 Zhifeng Jiang , Wei Wang , Bo Li , Qiang Yang

The fast development of large language models (LLMs) and popularization of cloud computing have led to increasing concerns on privacy safeguarding and data security of cross-cloud model deployment and training as the key challenges. We…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-03-18 Ze Yang , Yihong Jin , Yihan Zhang , Juntian Liu , Xinhe Xu

We study federated learning (FL), which enables mobile devices to utilize their local datasets to collaboratively train a global model with the help of a central server, while keeping data localized. At each iteration, the server broadcasts…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2020-10-08 Mohammad Mohammadi Amiri , Deniz Gunduz , Sanjeev R. Kulkarni , H. Vincent Poor

Federated learning (FL) provides a privacy-preserving solution for fine-tuning pre-trained large language models (LLMs) using distributed private datasets, enabling task-specific adaptation while preserving data privacy. However,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-01-09 Na Yan , Yang Su , Yansha Deng , Robert Schober

Federated learning (FL) is a heavily promoted approach for training ML models on sensitive data, e.g., text typed by users on their smartphones. FL is expressly designed for training on data that are unbalanced and non-iid across the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-03-07 Tao Yu , Eugene Bagdasaryan , Vitaly Shmatikov

The rapid development of Large Language Models (LLMs) has been pivotal in advancing AI, with pre-trained LLMs being adaptable to diverse downstream tasks through fine-tuning. Federated learning (FL) further enhances fine-tuning in a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-09-11 Ziyao Wang , Zheyu Shen , Yexiao He , Guoheng Sun , Hongyi Wang , Lingjuan Lyu , Ang Li