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Large language models are rapidly gaining popularity and have been widely adopted in real-world applications. While the quality of training data is essential, privacy concerns arise during data collection. Federated learning offers a…

To address data locality and privacy restrictions, Federated Learning (FL) has recently been adopted to fine-tune large language models (LLMs), enabling improved performance on various downstream tasks without requiring aggregated data.…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-11-11 Han Liu , Ruoyao Wen , Srijith Nair , Jia Liu , Wenjing Lou , Chongjie Zhang , William Yeoh , Yevgeniy Vorobeychik , Ning Zhang

In the era of advanced technologies, mobile devices are equipped with computing and sensing capabilities that gather excessive amounts of data. These amounts of data are suitable for training different learning models. Cooperated with…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-04-07 Muhammad Asad , Ahmed Moustafa , Takayuki Ito , Muhammad Aslam

Federated Learning (FL) is a promising paradigm that offers significant advancements in privacy-preserving, decentralized machine learning by enabling collaborative training of models across distributed devices without centralizing data.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-03 Khiem Le , Nhan Luong-Ha , Manh Nguyen-Duc , Danh Le-Phuoc , Cuong Do , Kok-Seng Wong

Federated learning (FL) ameliorates privacy concerns in settings where a central server coordinates learning from data distributed across many clients. The clients train locally and communicate the models they learn to the server;…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-10-16 Monica Ribero , Haris Vikalo

Federated learning (FL) enables collaborative model training across organizations without sharing raw data, addressing crucial privacy concerns in healthcare natural language processing (NLP). However, training large language models (LLMs)…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-04-16 Lihong Zhang , Yue Li

Federated learning (FL) is a promising and powerful approach for training deep learning models without sharing the raw data of clients. During the training process of FL, the central server and distributed clients need to exchange a vast…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-04-27 Zhefeng Qiao , Xianghao Yu , Jun Zhang , Khaled B. Letaief

Large language models (LLMs) have emerged as important components across various fields, yet their training requires substantial computation resources and abundant labeled data. It poses a challenge to robustly training LLMs for individual…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2024-06-13 Jiaxing QI , Zhongzhi Luan , Shaohan Huang , Carol Fung , Hailong Yang , Depei Qian

Federated learning (FL) is an emerging machine learning paradigm in which a central server coordinates multiple participants (clients) collaboratively to train on decentralized data. In practice, FL often faces statistical, system, and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-02-13 Liping Yi , Han Yu , Gang Wang , Xiaoguang Liu , Xiaoxiao Li

Robust machine learning (ML) models can be developed by leveraging large volumes of data and distributing the computational tasks across numerous devices or servers. Federated learning (FL) is a technique in the realm of ML that facilitates…

Large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated strong performance on medical benchmarks, including question answering and diagnosis. To enable their use in clinical settings, LLMs are typically further adapted through continued pretraining…

Federated Learning (FL) offers a promising paradigm for training Large Language Models (LLMs) in a decentralized manner while preserving data privacy and minimizing communication overhead. This survey examines recent advancements in…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-12 Youyang Qu , Ming Liu , Tianqing Zhu , Longxiang Gao , Shui Yu , Wanlei Zhou

Private data, being larger and quality-higher than public data, can greatly improve large language models (LLM). However, due to privacy concerns, this data is often dispersed in multiple silos, making its secure utilization for LLM…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-12-24 JiaYing Zheng , HaiNan Zhang , LingXiang Wang , WangJie Qiu , HongWei Zheng , ZhiMing Zheng

Addressing the challenges of deploying large language models in wireless communication networks, this paper combines low-rank adaptation technology (LoRA) with the splitfed learning framework to propose the federated split learning for…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2024-07-15 Kai Zhao , Zhaohui Yang , Chongwen Huang , Xiaoming Chen , Zhaoyang Zhang

Federated learning (FL) is a recently developed area of machine learning, in which the private data of a large number of distributed clients is used to develop a global model under the coordination of a central server without explicitly…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-07-21 Amit Kumar Kundu , Joseph Jaja

The success of current Large-Language Models (LLMs) hinges on extensive training data that is collected and stored centrally, called Centralized Learning (CL). However, such a collection manner poses a privacy threat, and one potential…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-18 Huiwen Wu , Xiaogang Xu , Deyi Zhang , Xiaohan Li , Jiafei Wu , Zhe Liu

Federated Learning (FL) is a novel machine learning approach that allows the model trainer to access more data samples, by training the model across multiple decentralized data sources, while data access constraints are in place. Such…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-11-18 Andre Manoel , Mirian Hipolito Garcia , Tal Baumel , Shize Su , Jialei Chen , Dan Miller , Danny Karmon , Robert Sim , Dimitrios Dimitriadis

Hybrid Language Models (HLMs) combine the low-latency efficiency of Small Language Models (SLMs) on edge devices with the high accuracy of Large Language Models (LLMs) on centralized servers. Unlike traditional end-to-end LLM inference,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-02 Faranaksadat Solat , Joohyung Lee , Mohamed Seif , Dusit Niyato , H. Vincent Poor

Federated Learning (FL) is a distributed approach to collaboratively training machine learning models. FL requires a high level of communication between the devices and a central server, thus imposing several challenges, including…

With increasing privacy concerns on data, recent studies have made significant progress using federated learning (FL) on privacy-sensitive natural language processing (NLP) tasks. Much literature suggests fully fine-tuning pre-trained…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-06-05 Zhuo Zhang , Yuanhang Yang , Yong Dai , Lizhen Qu , Zenglin Xu
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