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This paper investigates how to effectively stop an attacker from using compromised user credentials to gain authorized entry to systems that they are otherwise not authorised to access. The proposed solution extends previous work to move…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2018-01-09 Roy Henha Eyono

Single-factor password-based authentication is generally the norm to access on-line Web-sites. While single-factor authentication is well known to be a weak form of authentication, a further concern arises when considering the possibility…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2020-01-30 Simone Raponi , Roberto Di Pietro

Web applications require access to the file-system for many different tasks. When analyzing the security of a web application, secu- rity analysts should thus consider the impact that file-system operations have on the security of the whole…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2017-05-11 Federico De Meo , Luca Viganò

The majority of systems rely on user authentication on passwords, but passwords have so many weaknesses and widespread use that easily raise significant security concerns, regardless of their encrypted form. Users hold the same password for…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-01-22 Vassilis Papaspirou , Leandros Maglaras , Mohamed Amine Ferrag , Ioanna Kantzavelou , Helge Janicke , Christos Douligeris

The growing misuse of Vision-Language Models (VLMs) has led providers to deploy multiple safeguards, including alignment tuning, system prompts, and content moderation. However, the real-world robustness of these defenses against…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-11-21 Yijun Yang , Lichao Wang , Jianping Zhang , Chi Harold Liu , Lanqing Hong , Qiang Xu

Considering computer systems, security is the major concern with usability. Security policies need to be developed to protect information from unauthorized access. Passwords and secrete codes used between users and information systems for…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2014-02-27 Sharayu A. Aghav , RajneeshKaur Bedi

Two-factor authentication (2FA) offers several security benefits that security-conscious users might expect from high-value services such as online banks. In this work, we present our preliminary study to develop a scoring scheme to…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-02-15 Srivathsan G. Morkonda , AbdelRahman Abdou

Multi-Factor Authentication (MFA) enhances login security by requiring multiple authentication factors. Its adoption has increased in response to more frequent and sophisticated attacks. Duo is widely used by organizations including Fortune…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-02-03 Renascence Tarafder Prapty , Gene Tsudik

Passwords have been long used as the primary authentication method for web services. Weak passwords used by the users have prompted the use of password management tools and two-factor authentication to ensure better account security. While…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-01-27 Pratyush Choudhary , Subhrajit Das , Mukul Paras Potta , Prasuj Das , Abhishek Bichhawat

Web Application Firewalls (WAFs) have been introduced as essential and popular security gates that inspect incoming HTTP traffic to filter out malicious requests and provide defenses against a diverse array of web-based threats. Evading…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-03-17 Seyed Ali Akhavani , Bahruz Jabiyev , Ben Kallus , Cem Topcuoglu , Sergey Bratus , Engin Kirda

With the rise of attacks on online accounts in the past years, more and more services offer two-factor authentication for their users. Having factors out of two of the three categories something you know, something you have and something…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-07-07 Timon Hackenjos , Benedikt Wagner , Julian Herr , Jochen Rill , Marek Wehmer , Niklas Goerke , Ingmar Baumgart

The unprecedented proliferation of smart devices together with novel communication, computing, and control technologies have paved the way for the Advanced Internet of Things~(A-IoT). This development involves new categories of capable…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2024-10-30 Aleksandr Ometov , Vitaly Petrov , Sergey Bezzateev , Sergey Andreev , Yevgeni Koucheryavy , Mario Gerla

Rolling out a new security mechanism in an organisation requires planning, good communication, adoption from users, iterations of reflection on the challenges experienced and how they were overcome. Our case study elicited users'…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2020-11-06 Abideen Tetlay , Helen Treharne , Tom Ascroft , Sotiris Moschoyiannis

Two-factor authentication (2F) aims to enhance resilience of password-based authentication by requiring users to provide an additional authentication factor, e.g., a code generated by a security token. However, it also introduces…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2014-02-03 Emiliano De Cristofaro , Honglu Du , Julien Freudiger , Greg Norcie

The rapid digitalization of banking services has significantly transformed financial transactions, offering enhanced convenience and efficiency for consumers. However, the increasing reliance on digital banking has also exposed financial…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-04-01 Md. Waliullah , Md Zahin Hossain George , Md Tarek Hasan , Md Khorshed Alam , Mosa Sumaiya Khatun Munira , Noor Alam Siddiqui

Microservice architectures (MSA) are becoming trending alternatives to existing software development paradigms notably for developing complex and distributed applications. Microservices emerged as an architectural design pattern aiming to…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-04-24 Abdelhakim Hannousse , Salima Yahiouche

Previous Web access authentication systems often use either the Web or the Mobile channel individually to confirm the claimed identity of the remote user. This paper proposes a new protocol using multifactor authentication system that is…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2011-11-15 Ayu Tiwari , Sudip Sanyal , Ajith Abraham , Svein Johan Knapskog , Sugata Sanyal

We present a quantum multi-factor authentication mechanism based on the hidden-matching quantum communication complexity problem. It offers step-up graded authentication for users via a quantum token. In this paper, we outline the protocol,…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-01-14 Hazel Murray , David Malone

Authentication schemes are practised globally to verify the legitimacy of users and servers for the exchange of data in different facilities. Generally, the server verifies a user to provide resources for different purposes. But due to the…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2020-04-22 Trupil Limbasiya , Sanjay K. Sahay

Password security can no longer provide enough security in the area of remote user authentication. Considering this security drawback, researchers are trying to find solution with multifactor remote user authentication system. Recently,…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2017-11-06 Hossen Asiful Mustafa , Hasan Muhammad Kafi