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The emergence of statistical mechanics for isolated classical systems comes about through chaotic dynamics and ergodicity. Here we review how similar questions can be answered in quantum systems. The crucial point is that individual energy…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2018-07-25 Joshua M. Deutsch

Understanding how isolated quantum systems thermalize has recently gathered renewed interest almost 100 years after the first work by von Neumann, thanks to the experimental realizations of such systems. Experimental and numerical pieces of…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2019-01-08 Ryusuke Hamazaki

The Eigenstate Thermalization Hypothesis (ETH) implies a form for the matrix elements of local operators between eigenstates of the Hamiltonian, expected to be valid for chaotic systems. Another signal of chaos is a positive Lyapunov…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2019-05-01 Laura Foini , Jorge Kurchan

The Eigenstate Thermalization Hypothesis explains thermalization in isolated quantum systems through the statistical properties of observables in the energy eigenbasis. We investigate the crossover from integrability to chaos in the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-01-15 Shivam Mishra , C Jisha , Ravi Prakash

We derive an upper bound on the difference between the long-time average and the microcanonical ensemble average of observables in isolated quantum systems. We propose, numerically verify, and analytically support a new hypothesis,…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2011-08-24 Tatsuhiko N. Ikeda , Yu Watanabe , Masahito Ueda

Chaos and complexity entail an entropic and computational obstruction to describing a system, and thus are intrinsically difficult to characterize. In this paper, we consider time evolution by Gaussian Unitary Ensemble (GUE) Hamiltonians…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2017-11-16 Jordan Cotler , Nicholas Hunter-Jones , Junyu Liu , Beni Yoshida

The eigenstate thermalization hypothesis (ETH) provides a powerful framework for understanding thermalization in isolated quantum many-body systems, yet a complete and conceptually transparent derivation has remained elusive. In this work,…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2025-12-23 Yucheng Wang

Quantum thermalization is well understood via the Eigenstate Thermalization Hypothesis (ETH). The general form of ETH, describing all the relevant correlations of matrix elements, may be derived on the basis of a `typicality' argument of…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2023-03-30 Silvia Pappalardi , Laura Foini , Jorge Kurchan

The thermalization phenomenon and many-body quantum statistical properties are studied on the example of several observables in isolated spin-chain systems, both integrable and generic non-integrable ones. While diagonal matrix elements for…

Strongly Correlated Electrons · Physics 2013-01-17 Robin Steinigeweg , Jacek Herbrych , Peter Prelovšek

We discuss eigenstate correlations for ergodic, spatially extended many-body quantum systems, in terms of the statistical properties of matrix elements of local observables. While the eigenstate thermalization hypothesis (ETH) is known to…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2019-06-11 Amos Chan , Andrea De Luca , J. T. Chalker

The eigenvalues of quantum chaotic systems have been conjectured to follow, in the large energy limit, the statistical distribution of eigenvalues of random ensembles of matrices of size $N\rightarrow\infty$. Here we provide semiclassical…

Chaotic Dynamics · Physics 2011-12-07 P. Leboeuf , A. G. Monastra

The Eigenstate Thermalization Hypothesis (ETH) represents a cornerstone in the theoretical understanding of the emergence of thermal behavior in closed quantum systems. The ETH asserts that expectation values of simple observables in energy…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2024-05-15 Giorgio Cipolloni , Jonah Kudler-Flam

The eigenstate thermalization hypothesis (ETH), which dictates that all diagonal matrix elements within a small energy shell be almost equal, is a major candidate to explain thermalization in isolated quantum systems. According to the…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2018-02-27 Ryusuke Hamazaki , Masahito Ueda

We study the behavior of two-time correlation functions at late times for finite system sizes considering observables whose (one-point) average value does not depend on energy. In the long time limit, we show that such correlation functions…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2025-08-20 Oscar Bouverot-Dupuis , Silvia Pappalardi , Jorge Kurchan , Anatoli Polkovnikov , Laura Foini

The ETH ansatz for matrix elements of a given operator in the energy eigenstate basis results in a notion of thermalization for a chaotic system. In this context for a certain quantity - to be found for a given model - one may impose a…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2023-08-15 Mohsen Alishahiha

Understanding how out-of-equilibrium states thermalize under quantum unitary dynamics is an important problem in many-body physics. In this work, we propose a statistical ansatz for the matrix elements of non-equilibrium initial states in…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2025-04-30 Laura Foini , Anatoly Dymarsky , Silvia Pappalardi

When dealing with non-stationary systems, for which many time series are available, it is common to divide time in epochs, i.e. smaller time intervals and deal with short time series in the hope to have some form of approximate stationarity…

Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability · Physics 2021-11-17 Manan Vyas , T. Guhr , T. H. Seligman

Understanding how an isolated quantum system evolves toward a thermal state from an initial state far from equilibrium such as one prepared by a global quantum quench has attracted significant interest in recent years. This phenomenon can…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2025-01-23 Mohsen Alishahiha , Mohammad Javad Vasli

We present exact results on a novel kind of emergent random matrix universality that quantum many-body systems at infinite temperature can exhibit. Specifically, we consider an ensemble of pure states supported on a small subsystem,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-02-15 Wen Wei Ho , Soonwon Choi

Spectral statistics and correlations are the usual way to study the presence or absence of quantum chaos in quantum systems. We present our investigation on the study of the fluctuation average and variance of certain correlation functions…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-02-11 Tanay Pathak