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We present a computationally efficient framework, called $\texttt{FlowDRO}$, for solving flow-based distributionally robust optimization (DRO) problems with Wasserstein uncertainty sets while aiming to find continuous worst-case…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-02-27 Chen Xu , Jonghyeok Lee , Xiuyuan Cheng , Yao Xie

We study the Wasserstein gradient flow of semi-discrete energies in the space of probability measures, that is functionals depending on two measures-one being an absolutely continuous density and the other an atomic measure. These energies…

Analysis of PDEs · Mathematics 2026-03-05 Joao Miguel Machado

Sup-normalized spectral functions form building blocks of max-stable and Pareto processes and therefore play an important role in modeling spatial extremes. For one of the most popular examples, the Brown-Resnick process, simulation is not…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2019-02-26 Marco Oesting , Martin Schlather , Claudia Schillings

The Wasserstein-Fisher-Rao (WFR) metric extends dynamic optimal transport (OT) by coupling displacement with change of mass, providing a principled geometry for modeling unbalanced snapshot dynamics. Existing WFR solvers, however, are often…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-03 Qiangwei Peng , Zihan Wang , Junda Ying , Yuhao Sun , Qing Nie , Lei Zhang , Tiejun Li , Peijie Zhou

Normalizing flows are a class of generative models that enable exact likelihood evaluation. While these models have already found various applications in particle physics, normalizing flows are not flexible enough to model many of the…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2022-09-07 Rob Verheyen

Deep-learning methods have shown promising performance for low-dose computed tomography (LDCT) reconstruction. However, supervised methods face the problem of lacking labeled data in clinical scenarios, and the CNN-based unsupervised…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-04-25 Ran An , Ke Chen , Hongwei Li

Approximations in computing model likelihoods with continuous normalizing flows (CNFs) hinder the use of these models for importance sampling of Boltzmann distributions, where exact likelihoods are required. In this work, we present Verlet…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-05-07 Ezra Erives , Bowen Jing , Tommi Jaakkola

Weighted compact nonlinear schemes (WCNS) [Deng and Zhang, JCP 165(2000): 22-44] were developed to improve the performance of the compact high-order nonlinear schemes (CNS) by utilizing the weighting technique originally designed for WENO…

Computational Physics · Physics 2020-11-30 Huaibao Zhang , Fan Zhang , Chunguang Xu

Flow Matching (FM) has emerged as a powerful paradigm for continuous normalizing flows, yet standard FM implicitly performs an unweighted $L^2$ regression over the entire ambient space. In high dimensions, this leads to a fundamental…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2026-05-26 Shinto Eguchi

Bayesian posterior inference is prevalent in various machine learning problems. Variational inference provides one way to approximate the posterior distribution, however its expressive power is limited and so is the accuracy of resulting…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-07-11 Guoqing Zheng , Yiming Yang , Jaime Carbonell

Most post-training methods for text-to-image samplers focus on model weights: either fine-tuning the backbone for alignment or distilling it for few-step efficiency. We take a different route: rescheduling the sampling timeline of a frozen…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-28 Peiyu Yu , Suraj Kothawade , Sirui Xie , Ying Nian Wu , Hongliang Fei

Normalizing flows transform a simple base distribution into a complex target distribution and have proved to be powerful models for data generation and density estimation. In this work, we propose a novel type of normalizing flow driven by…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-07-14 Ruizhi Deng , Bo Chang , Marcus A. Brubaker , Greg Mori , Andreas Lehrmann

Neural quantum states (NQS) have emerged as powerful tools for simulating many-body quantum systems, but their practical use is often hindered by limitations of current sampling techniques. Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) methods suffer…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-11-06 Eimantas Ledinauskas , Egidijus Anisimovas

Models and methods that are able to accurately and efficiently predict the flows of low-speed rarefied gases are in high demand, due to the increasing ability to manufacture devices at micro and nano scales. One such model and method is a…

Computational Physics · Physics 2016-09-21 Benjamin Collyer , Colm Connaughton , Duncan Lockerby

The ensemble Gaussian mixture filter (EnGMF) is a powerful, convergent particle filter capable of medium-to-high dimensional non-linear filtering. The EnGMF relies on a resampling step that can generate physically unrealistic posterior…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-05 Zain Jabbar , Andrey A. Popov

An important step in the design of autonomous systems is to evaluate the probability that a failure will occur. In safety-critical domains, the failure probability is extremely small so that the evaluation of a policy through Monte Carlo…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-11-23 Anthony Corso , Kyu-Young Kim , Shubh Gupta , Grace Gao , Mykel J. Kochenderfer

In this work, we investigate the convergence properties of the backward regularized Wasserstein proximal (BRWP) method for sampling a target distribution. The BRWP approach can be shown as a semi-implicit time discretization for a…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2025-12-18 Fuqun Han , Stanley Osher , Wuchen Li

Discrete normalizing flows are promising generative models with advantages such as analytical log-likelihood computation and end-to-end training. However, the architectural constraints to ensure invertibility and tractable Jacobian…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-06 Jiaru Zhang , Juanwu Lu , Xiaoyu Wu , Ziran Wang , Ruqi Zhang

Sampling from nonsmooth target probability distributions is essential in various applications, including the Bayesian Lasso. We propose a splitting-based sampling algorithm for the time-implicit discretization of the probability flow for…

Computation · Statistics 2025-07-14 Fuqun Han , Stanley Osher , Wuchen Li

Continual learning (CL) is crucial for the adaptation of neural network models to new environments. Although outperforming weight-space regularisation approaches, the functional regularisation-based CL methods suffer from high computational…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-19 Pengcheng Hao , Menghao Waiyan William Zhu , Ercan Engin Kuruoglu