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Modern machine translation (MT) systems depend on large parallel corpora, often collected from the Internet. However, recent evidence indicates that (i) a substantial portion of these texts are machine-generated translations, and (ii) an…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-06 Cristian García-Romero , Miquel Esplà-Gomis , Felipe Sánchez-Martínez

Machine translation (MT) is an area of study in Natural Language processing which deals with the automatic translation of human language, from one language to another by the computer. Having a rich research history spanning nearly three…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2018-12-12 Siddhant Srivastava , Anupam Shukla , Ritu Tiwari

While machine translation (MT) systems have seen significant improvements, it is still common for translations to reflect societal biases, such as gender bias. Decoder-only Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated potential in MT,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-04-18 Eduardo Sánchez , Pierre Andrews , Pontus Stenetorp , Mikel Artetxe , Marta R. Costa-jussà

Recent works have found evidence of gender bias in models of machine translation and coreference resolution using mostly synthetic diagnostic datasets. While these quantify bias in a controlled experiment, they often do so on a small scale…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-09-13 Shahar Levy , Koren Lazar , Gabriel Stanovsky

Machine Translation (MT) tools are widely used today, often in contexts where professional translators are not present. Despite progress in MT technology, a gap persists between system development and real-world usage, particularly for…

Neural Machine Translation (NMT) continues to improve in quality and adoption, yet the inadvertent perpetuation of gender bias remains a significant concern. Despite numerous studies on gender bias in translations into English from weakly…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-02-23 Spencer Rarrick , Ranjita Naik , Sundar Poudel , Vishal Chowdhary

Neural models have drastically advanced state of the art for machine translation (MT) between high-resource languages. Traditionally, these models rely on large amounts of training data, but many language pairs lack these resources.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-06-13 Manuel Mager , Rajat Bhatnagar , Graham Neubig , Ngoc Thang Vu , Katharina Kann

We present WinoMTDE, a new gender bias evaluation test set designed to assess occupational stereotyping and underrepresentation in German machine translation (MT) systems. Building on the automatic evaluation method introduced by…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-03 Michelle Kappl

Multilingual Neural Machine Translation architectures mainly differ in the amount of sharing modules and parameters among languages. In this paper, and from an algorithmic perspective, we explore if the chosen architecture, when trained…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-12-25 Marta R. Costa-jussà , Carlos Escolano , Christine Basta , Javier Ferrando , Roser Batlle , Ksenia Kharitonova

While Large Language Models achieve state-of-the-art results across a wide range of NLP tasks, they remain prone to systematic biases. Among these, gender bias is particularly salient in MT, due to systematic differences across languages in…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-19 Chiara Manna , Hosein Mohebbi , Afra Alishahi , Frédéric Blain , Eva Vanmassenhove

Generating multiple translation candidates would enable users to choose the one that satisfies their needs. Although there has been work on diversified generation, there exists room for improving the diversity mainly because the previous…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-02-15 Yuto Nishida , Makoto Morishita , Hidetaka Kamigaito , Taro Watanabe

Neural Machine Translation (NMT) is a new approach to machine translation that has made great progress in recent years. However, recent studies show that NMT generally produces fluent but inadequate translations (Tu et al. 2016b; Tu et al.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2017-01-02 Xing Wang , Zhengdong Lu , Zhaopeng Tu , Hang Li , Deyi Xiong , Min Zhang

As a sequence-to-sequence generation task, neural machine translation (NMT) naturally contains intrinsic uncertainty, where a single sentence in one language has multiple valid counterparts in the other. However, the dominant methods for…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-10-12 Xiangpeng Wei , Heng Yu , Yue Hu , Rongxiang Weng , Luxi Xing , Weihua Luo

Machine translation (MT) models are known to suffer from gender bias, especially when translating into languages with extensive gendered morphology. Accordingly, they still fall short in using gender-inclusive language, also representative…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-05-15 Andrea Piergentili , Beatrice Savoldi , Matteo Negri , Luisa Bentivogli

Machine translation (MT) is a technique that leverages computers to translate human languages automatically. Nowadays, neural machine translation (NMT) which models direct mapping between source and target languages with deep neural…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-04-14 Jiajun Zhang , Chengqing Zong

Unsupervised neural machine translation (NMT) is a recently proposed approach for machine translation which aims to train the model without using any labeled data. The models proposed for unsupervised NMT often use only one shared encoder…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2018-04-25 Zhen Yang , Wei Chen , Feng Wang , Bo Xu

The field of machine translation (MT), the automatic translation of written text from one natural language into another, has experienced a major paradigm shift in recent years. Statistical MT, which mainly relies on various count-based…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-10-01 Felix Stahlberg

This paper studies gender bias in machine translation through the lens of Large Language Models (LLMs). Four widely-used test sets are employed to benchmark various base LLMs, comparing their translation quality and gender bias against…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-07-29 Aleix Sant , Carlos Escolano , Audrey Mash , Francesca De Luca Fornaciari , Maite Melero

With language models being deployed increasingly in the real world, it is essential to address the issue of the fairness of their outputs. The word embedding representations of these language models often implicitly draw unwanted…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-06-17 Gauri Gupta , Krithika Ramesh , Sanjay Singh

Morphology in unbalanced languages remains a big challenge in the context of machine translation. In this paper, we propose to de-couple machine translation from morphology generation in order to better deal with the problem. We investigate…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2017-02-07 Marta R. Costa-jussà , Carlos Escolano