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Graph burning is a discrete-time process that models the spread of influence in a network. Vertices are either burning or unburned, and in each round, a burning vertex causes all of its neighbours to become burning before a new fire source…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2024-09-24 Karen Gunderson , William Kellough , JD Nir , Hritik Punj

The burning number $b(G)$ of a graph $G$ is the smallest number of turns required to burn all vertices of a graph if at every turn a new fire is started and existing fires spread to all adjacent vertices. The Burning Number Conjecture of…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-10-29 Sergey Norin , Jérémie Turcotte

In a Latin square, every row can be interpreted as a permutation, and therefore has a parity (even or odd). We prove that in a uniformly random $n\times n$ Latin square, the $n$ row parities are very well approximated by a sequence of $n$…

Probability · Mathematics 2025-09-19 Matthew Kwan , Kalina Petrova , Mehtaab Sawhney

We derive necessary and sufficient conditions for there to exist a latin square of order $n$ containing two subsquares of order $a$ and $b$ that intersect in a subsquare of order $c$. We also solve the case of two disjoint subsquares. We…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2015-09-21 Joshua M. Browning , Petr Vojtěchovský , Ian M. Wanless

Given a graph $G=(V, E)$, the problem of Graph Burning is to find a sequence of nodes from $V$, called a burning sequence, to burn the whole graph. This is a discrete-step process, and at each step, an unburned vertex is selected as an…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2023-07-18 Rahul Kumar Gautam , Anjeneya Swami Kare , S. Durga Bhavani

In 2008, Cavenagh and Dr\'{a}pal, et al, described a method of constructing Latin trades using groups. The Latin trades that arise from this construction are entry-transitive (that is, there always exists an autoparatopism of the Latin…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2023-08-30 Nicholas Cavenagh , Raúl Falcón

The burning number is a recently introduced graph parameter indicating the spreading speed of content in a graph through its edges. While the conjectured upper bound on the necessary numbers of time steps until all vertices are reached is…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2019-12-24 Michaela Hiller , Eberhard Triesch , Arie M. C. A. Koster

The graph burning problem is an NP-hard combinatorial optimization problem that helps quantify the vulnerability of a graph to contagion. This paper introduces a simple farthest-first traversal-based approximation algorithm for this problem…

Given a graph $G$, the optimization version of the graph burning problem seeks for a sequence of vertices, $(u_1,u_2,...,u_p) \in V(G)^p$, with minimum $p$ and such that every $v \in V(G)$ has distance at most $p-i$ to some vertex $u_i$.…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2025-03-07 Jesús García-Díaz , José Alejandro Cornejo-Acosta , Joel Trejo Sánchez

For every positive integer $n$ greater than $4$ there is a set of Latin squares of order $n$ such that every permutation of the numbers $1,\ldots,n$ appears exactly once as a row, a column, a reverse row or a reverse column of one of the…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2020-06-11 Stephan Foldes , András Kaszanyitzky , Laszlo Major

A latin bitrade is a pair of partial latin squares which are disjoint, occupy the same set of non-empty cells, and whose corresponding rows and columns contain the same set of entries. Dr\'apal (\cite{Dr9}) showed that a latin bitrade is…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2008-03-08 Nicholas J. Cavenagh , Ales Drapal , Carlo Hamalainen

Symmetries of a partial Latin square are determined by its autotopism group. Analogously to the case of Latin squares, given an isotopism $\Theta$, the cardinality of the set $\mathcal{PLS}_{\Theta}$ of partial Latin squares which are…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2014-10-07 R. M. Falcón

A latin bitrade (T1, T2) is a pair of partial latin squares which are disjoint, occupy the same set of non-empty cells, and whose corresponding rows and columns contain the same set of entries. A genus may be associated to a latin bitrade…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2009-09-16 Ales Drapal , Carlo Hamalainen , Dan Rosendorf

We consider the problem of constructing Latin cubes subject to the condition that some symbols may not appear in certain cells. We prove that there is a constant $\gamma > 0$ such that if $n=2t$ and $A$ is a $3$-dimensional $n\times n\times…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2019-04-17 Carl Johan Casselgren , Lan Anh Pham

A defining set of a Latin square is a partially filled-in Latin square which completes to no other Latin square of the same order. We introduce the concept of a $k$-strong defining set, in which if less than $k$ entries are deleted, the…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2026-05-28 Richard Bean , Nicholas Cavenagh

Do you want to know what an anti-chiece Latin square is? Or what a non-consecutive toroidal modular Latin square is? We invented a ton of new types of Latin squares, some inspired by existing Sudoku variations. We can't wait to introduce…

History and Overview · Mathematics 2021-09-06 Michael Han , Tanya Khovanova , Ella Kim , Evin Liang , Miriam , Lubashev , Oleg Polin , Vaibhav Rastogi , Benjamin Taycher , Ada Tsui , Cindy Wei

In this paper, we study a graph parameter that was recently introduced, the burning number, focusing on a few probabilistic aspects of the problem. The original burning number is revisited and analyzed for binomial random graphs G(n,p),…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2015-05-13 Dieter Mitsche , Pawel Pralat , Elham Roshanbin

The burning number of a graph can be used to measure the spreading speed of contagion in a network. The burning number conjecture is arguably the main unresolved conjecture related to this graph parameter, which can be settled by showing…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2022-07-29 Ta Sheng Tan , Wen Chean Teh

Burning and cooling are diffusion processes on graphs in which burned (or cooled) vertices spread to their neighbors with a new source picked at discrete time steps. In burning, the one tries to burn the graph as fast as possible, while in…

A $k$-plane of a $d$-dimensional array is a subarray formed by fixing $d-k$ coordinates and allowing the remaining $k$ coordinates to vary freely. A Latin hypercube of dimension $d$ and order $n$ is an $n\times n\times\cdots\times n$ array…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2026-05-05 Billy Child , Ian M. Wanless
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