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In the modern era of rapidly increasing data volumes, accurately retrieving and recommending relevant documents has become crucial in enhancing the reliability of Question Answering (QA) systems. Recently, Retrieval Augmented Generation…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2024-09-24 Thiem Nguyen Ba , Vinh Doan The , Tung Pham Quang , Toan Tran Van

Lexical and semantic matching capture different successful approaches to text retrieval and the fusion of their results has proven to be more effective and robust than either alone. Prior work performs hybrid retrieval by conducting lexical…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2023-02-28 Sheng-Chieh Lin , Jimmy Lin

Dense retrieval has been shown to be effective for retrieving relevant documents for Open Domain QA, surpassing popular sparse retrieval methods like BM25. REALM (Guu et al., 2020) is an end-to-end dense retrieval system that relies on MLM…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-04-20 Vidhisha Balachandran , Ashish Vaswani , Yulia Tsvetkov , Niki Parmar

Retrieval augmented generation (RAG) has been widely adopted to help Large Language Models (LLMs) to process tasks involving long documents. However, existing retrieval models are not designed for long document retrieval and fail to address…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-02-13 David Jiahao Fu , Lam Thanh Do , Jiayu Li , Kevin Chen-Chuan Chang

Large Language Models (LLMs) have issues with document question answering (QA) in situations where the document is unable to fit in the small context length of an LLM. To overcome this issue, most existing works focus on retrieving the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-11-09 Jon Saad-Falcon , Joe Barrow , Alexa Siu , Ani Nenkova , David Seunghyun Yoon , Ryan A. Rossi , Franck Dernoncourt

Generating high-quality answers consistently by providing contextual information embedded in the prompt passed to the Large Language Model (LLM) is dependent on the quality of information retrieval. As the corpus of contextual information…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2024-08-01 Sai Ganesh , Anupam Purwar , Gautam B

Text embedding models enable semantic search, powering several NLP applications like Retrieval Augmented Generation by efficient information retrieval (IR). However, text embedding models are commonly studied in scenarios where the training…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-10-07 Dipam Goswami , Liying Wang , Bartłomiej Twardowski , Joost van de Weijer

Large Language Models (LLMs) play powerful, black-box readers in the retrieve-then-read pipeline, making remarkable progress in knowledge-intensive tasks. This work introduces a new framework, Rewrite-Retrieve-Read instead of the previous…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-24 Xinbei Ma , Yeyun Gong , Pengcheng He , Hai Zhao , Nan Duan

Enterprise retrieval augmented generation (RAG) offers a highly flexible framework for combining powerful large language models (LLMs) with internal, possibly temporally changing, documents. In RAG, documents are first chunked. Relevant…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-09-02 Vatsal Raina , Mark Gales

We address the task of evidence retrieval for long document question answering, which involves locating relevant paragraphs within a document to answer a question. We aim to assess the applicability of large language models (LLMs) in the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-11-23 Inderjeet Nair , Shwetha Somasundaram , Apoorv Saxena , Koustava Goswami

Recent advancements in Large Language Models (LLMs) have significantly improved their performance across various Natural Language Processing (NLP) tasks. However, LLMs still struggle with generating non-factual responses due to limitations…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-09-10 Taeho Hwang , Soyeong Jeong , Sukmin Cho , SeungYoon Han , Jong C. Park

Dense Retrieval (DR) is now considered as a promising tool to enhance the memorization capacity of Large Language Models (LLM) such as GPT3 and GPT-4 by incorporating external memories. However, due to the paradigm discrepancy between text…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-03-05 Si Sun , Hanqing Zhang , Zhiyuan Liu , Jie Bao , Dawei Song

Open-domain complex Question Answering (QA) is a difficult task with challenges in evidence retrieval and reasoning. The complexity of such questions could stem from questions being compositional, hybrid evidence, or ambiguity in questions.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-26 Venktesh V. Deepali Prabhu , Avishek Anand

Document-level event argument extraction (DEAE) is essential for knowledge acquisition, aiming to extract participants of events from documents . In the zero-shot setting, existing methods employ LLMs to generate synthetic data to address…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-05 Guangjun Zhang , Hu Zhang , Yazhou Han , Yue Fan , Yuhang Shao , Ru Li , Hongye Tan

Dense passage retrieval (DPR) is the first step in the retrieval augmented generation (RAG) paradigm for improving the performance of large language models (LLM). DPR fine-tunes pre-trained networks to enhance the alignment of the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-07 Benjamin Reichman , Larry Heck

Interacting with a speech interface to query a Question Answering (QA) system is becoming increasingly popular. Typically, QA systems rely on passage retrieval to select candidate contexts and reading comprehension to extract the final…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-09-28 Georgios Sidiropoulos , Svitlana Vakulenko , Evangelos Kanoulas

Conversational search utilizes muli-turn natural language contexts to retrieve relevant passages. Existing conversational dense retrieval models mostly view a conversation as a fixed sequence of questions and responses, overlooking the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-05 Haonan Chen , Zhicheng Dou , Kelong Mao , Jiongnan Liu , Ziliang Zhao

Dense retrieval models use bi-encoder network architectures for learning query and document representations. These representations are often in the form of a vector representation and their similarities are often computed using the dot…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2023-05-01 Hamed Zamani , Michael Bendersky

Using tools by Large Language Models (LLMs) is a promising avenue to extend their reach beyond language or conversational settings. The number of tools can scale to thousands as they enable accessing sensory information, fetching updated…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2024-12-06 Mohammad Kachuee , Sarthak Ahuja , Vaibhav Kumar , Puyang Xu , Xiaohu Liu

Prior studies in privacy policies frame the question answering (QA) task as identifying the most relevant text segment or a list of sentences from a policy document given a user query. Existing labeled datasets are heavily imbalanced (only…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-04-25 Md Rizwan Parvez , Jianfeng Chi , Wasi Uddin Ahmad , Yuan Tian , Kai-Wei Chang