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We introduce WebGames, a comprehensive benchmark suite designed to evaluate general-purpose web-browsing AI agents through a collection of 50+ interactive challenges. These challenges are specifically crafted to be straightforward for…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-26 George Thomas , Alex J. Chan , Jikun Kang , Wenqi Wu , Filippos Christianos , Fraser Greenlee , Andy Toulis , Marvin Purtorab

Web AI agents such as ChatGPT Agent and GenSpark are increasingly used for routine web-based tasks, yet they still rely on text-based input prompts, lack proactive detection of user intent, and offer no support for interactive data analysis…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2026-01-22 Yanwei Huang , Arpit Narechania

The success of language models has inspired the NLP community to attend to tasks that require implicit and complex reasoning, relying on human-like commonsense mechanisms. While such vertical thinking tasks have been relatively popular,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-11-13 Yifan Jiang , Filip Ilievski , Kaixin Ma , Zhivar Sourati

The rise of powerful multimodal LLMs has enhanced the viability of building web agents which can, with increasing levels of autonomy, assist users to retrieve information and complete tasks on various human-computer interfaces. It is hence…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2024-09-26 Maria Wang , Srinivas Sunkara , Gilles Baechler , Jason Lin , Yun Zhu , Fedir Zubach , Lei Shu , Jindong Chen

Retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) demonstrates remarkable performance across tasks in open-domain question-answering. However, traditional search engines may retrieve shallow content, limiting the ability of LLMs to handle complex,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-12 Jialong Wu , Wenbiao Yin , Yong Jiang , Zhenglin Wang , Zekun Xi , Runnan Fang , Linhai Zhang , Yulan He , Deyu Zhou , Pengjun Xie , Fei Huang

The search task and the system both affect the demand on cognitive resources during information search. In some situations, the demands may become too high for a person. This article has a three-fold goal. First, it presents and critiques…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2010-05-18 Jacek Gwizdka

Multimodal deep search agents have shown great potential in solving complex tasks by iteratively collecting textual and visual evidence. However, managing the heterogeneous information and high token costs associated with multimodal inputs…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-28 Yifan Du , Zikang Liu , Jinbiao Peng , Jie Wu , Junyi Li , Jinyang Li , Wayne Xin Zhao , Ji-Rong Wen

Large language models (LLMs) typically enhance their performance through either the retrieval of semantically similar information or the improvement of their reasoning capabilities. However, a significant challenge remains in effectively…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-01-05 Shuqi Liu , Bowei He , Chen Ma , Linqi Song

Recent advances in large language models (LLMs) have scaled the potential for reasoning and agentic search, wherein models autonomously plan, retrieve, and reason over external knowledge to answer complex queries. However, the iterative…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-05-13 Sheng Zhang , Junyi Li , Yingyi Zhang , Pengyue Jia , Yichao Wang , Xiaowei Qian , Wenlin Zhang , Maolin Wang , Yong Liu , Xiangyu Zhao

Large language models (LLMs) excel at capturing semantic nuances and therefore show impressive relevance ranking performance in modern recommendation and search systems. However, they suffer from high computational overhead under industrial…

For human beings, the processing of text streams of unknown size leads generally to problems because e.g. noise must be selected out, information be tested for its relevance or redundancy, and linguistic phenomenon like ambiguity or the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2008-10-28 Claudine Brucks , Christoph Schommer

As a primary means of information acquisition, information retrieval (IR) systems, such as search engines, have integrated themselves into our daily lives. These systems also serve as components of dialogue, question-answering, and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-18 Yutao Zhu , Huaying Yuan , Shuting Wang , Jiongnan Liu , Wenhan Liu , Chenlong Deng , Haonan Chen , Zheng Liu , Zhicheng Dou , Ji-Rong Wen

Despite their remarkable natural language understanding capabilities, Large Language Models (LLMs) have been underutilized for retrieval tasks. We present Search-R3, a novel framework that addresses this limitation by adapting LLMs to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-10 Yuntao Gui , James Cheng

Mental health is a growing global concern, prompting interest in AI-driven solutions to expand access to psychosocial support. \emph{Peer support}, grounded in lived experience, offers a valuable complement to professional care. However,…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2026-04-10 Kellie Yu Hui Sim , Roy Ka-Wei Lee , Kenny Tsu Wei Choo

The rapid advancement in capabilities of large language models (LLMs) raises a pivotal question: How can LLMs accelerate scientific discovery? This work tackles the crucial first stage of research, generating novel hypotheses. While recent…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-05-27 Aniketh Garikaparthi , Manasi Patwardhan , Lovekesh Vig , Arman Cohan

Many promising-looking ideas in AI research fail to deliver, but their validation takes substantial human labor and compute. Predicting an idea's chance of success is thus crucial for accelerating empirical AI research, a skill that even…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-06-03 Jiaxin Wen , Chenglei Si , Yueh-han Chen , He He , Shi Feng

Classical AI Planning techniques generate sequences of actions for complex tasks. However, they lack the ability to understand planning tasks when provided using natural language. The advent of Large Language Models (LLMs) has introduced…

Large Language Models (LLMs) often falter at complex planning tasks that require exploration and self-correction, as their linear reasoning process struggles to recover from early mistakes. While search algorithms like Monte Carlo Tree…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-12-30 Yifan Zhang , Giridhar Ganapavarapu , Srideepika Jayaraman , Bhavna Agrawal , Dhaval Patel , Achille Fokoue

With more and more advanced data analysis techniques emerging, people will expect these techniques to be applied in more complex tasks and solve problems in our daily lives. Text Summarization is one of famous applications in Natural…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-02-13 Chen Jia-Chen , Guillem Senabre , Allane Caron

Large models are increasingly becoming autonomous agents that interact with real-world environments and use external tools to augment their static capabilities. However, most recent progress has focused on text-only large language models,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-09 Ruiyang Zhang , Qianguo Sun , Chao Song , Yiyan Qi , Zhedong Zheng