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Context. Protoplanetary disks around young stars often contain substructures like rings, gaps, and spirals that could be caused by interactions between the disk and forming planets. Aims. We aim to study the young (1-3 Myr) star DR Tau in…

Many protostellar disks show central cavities, rings, or spiral arms likely caused by low-mass stellar or planetary companions, yet few such features are conclusively tied to bodies embedded in the disks. We note that even small features on…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2018-04-05 Andrea Isella , Neal Turner

The huge variety of planetary systems discovered in recent decades likely depends on the early history of their formation. In this contribution we introduce the FAUST Large Program, which focuses specifically on the early history of…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2021-11-30 C. Codella , C. Ceccarelli , C. Chandler N. Sakai , S. Yamamoto , the FAUST team

This review addresses the state of research that employs astronomical (remote sensing) observations of solids ("dust") in young circumstellar disks to learn about planet formation. The intention is for it to serve as an accessible,…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2016-03-09 Sean M. Andrews

Constraining the distribution of gas and dust in the inner 20 au of protoplanetary disks is difficult. At the same time, this region is thought to be responsible for most planet formation, especially around the water ice line at 3-10 au.…

Recent high-resolution observations have enabled detailed investigations of the circumstellar environments around Class 0/I protostars. Several studies have reported that the infall velocity of the envelope is a few times smaller than the…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2025-02-25 Shingo Hirano , Yuri Aikawa , Masahiro N. Machida

We present 4.5, 8, and 16um photometry from the Spitzer Space Telescope for 204 stars in the Upper Scorpius OB Association. The data are used to investigate the frequency and properties of circumstellar disks around stars with masses…

Astrophysics · Physics 2011-02-11 John M. Carpenter , Eric E. Mamajek , Lynne A. Hillenbrand , Michael R. Meyer

The formation and early evolution of protoplanetary disks are governed by a wide variety of physical processes during a gravitational collapse. Observations have begun probing disks in their earliest stages, and have favored the…

Recent observations of young stellar systems with the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA) and the Karl G. Jansky Very Large Array (VLA) are helping to cement the idea that close companion stars form via fragmentation of a…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2018-04-25 Leonardo Di G. Sigalotti , Fidel Cruz , Ruslan Gabbasov , Jaime Klapp , José Ramírez-Velasquez

We present imaging observations at 1.3 mm wavelength of Class I protostars in the Taurus star forming region, obtained with the CARMA interferometer. Of an initial sample of 10 objects, we detected and imaged millimeter wavelength emission…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2015-06-05 J. A. Eisner

Understanding planet formation requires to discern how dust grows in protoplanetary disks. An important parameter to measure in disks is the maximum dust grain size present. This is usually estimated through measurements of the dust opacity…

High-angular resolution imaging by ALMA has revealed the near-universality and diversity of substructures in protoplanetary disks. However, disks around M-type pre-main-sequence stars are still poorly sampled, despite the prevalence of…

Close binary systems present challenges to planet formation. As binary separations decrease, so too do the occurrence rates of protoplanetary disks in young systems and planets in mature systems. For systems that do retain disks, their disk…

The physical and chemical conditions in young protoplanetary disks set the boundary conditions for planet formation. Although the dust in disks is relatively easily detected as a far-IR photometric ``excess'' over the expected photospheric…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2015-05-14 Javier R. Goicoechea , Bruce Swinyard

One of the most important questions in the field of planet formation is how mm-cm sized dust particles overcome the radial drift and fragmentation barriers to form kilometer-sized planetesimals. ALMA observations of protoplanetary disks, in…

The first long-baseline ALMA campaign resolved the disk around the young star HL Tau into a number of axisymmetric bright and dark rings. Despite the very young age of HL Tau these structures have been interpreted as signatures for the…

The recent ALMA DSHARP survey provided illuminating results on the diversity of substructures in planet forming disks. These substructures trace pebble-sized grains accumulated at local pressure maxima, possibly due to planet-disk…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2020-06-10 Deryl Long , Ke Zhang , Richard Teague , Edwin Bergin

The disk mass and substructure in young stellar objects suggest that planet formation may start at the protostellar stage through the growth of dust grains. To accurately estimate the grain size at the protostellar stage, we have observed…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2024-11-21 Yusuke Aso , Satoshi Ohashi , Hauyu Baobab Liu , Wenrui Xu

The unprecedented angular resolution and sensitivity of ALMA makes it possible to unveil disk populations in distant ($>$2 kpc), embedded young cluster environments. We have conducted an observation towards the central region of the massive…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2022-12-07 Yu Cheng , Jonathan C. Tan , John J. Tobin , Ruben Fedriani , Morten Andersen , Junfeng Wang
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