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In this paper, we investigate the degree of explainability of graph neural networks (GNNs). Existing explainers work by finding global/local subgraphs to explain a prediction, but they are applied after a GNN has already been trained. Here,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-12-21 Indro Spinelli , Simone Scardapane , Aurelio Uncini

The success of Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) has led to a need for understanding their decision-making process and providing explanations for their predictions, which has given rise to explainable AI (XAI) that offers transparent…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-02-21 Sangwoo Seo , Sungwon Kim , Chanyoung Park

This paper studies Dropout Graph Neural Networks (DropGNNs), a new approach that aims to overcome the limitations of standard GNN frameworks. In DropGNNs, we execute multiple runs of a GNN on the input graph, with some of the nodes randomly…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-11-12 Pál András Papp , Karolis Martinkus , Lukas Faber , Roger Wattenhofer

The trustworthiness of neural networks is often challenged because they lack the ability to express uncertainty and explain their skill. This can be problematic given the increasing use of neural networks in high stakes decision-making such…

Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics · Physics 2022-12-07 Mariana C. A. Clare , Maike Sonnewald , Redouane Lguensat , Julie Deshayes , Venkatramani Balaji

With the rapid deployment of graph neural networks (GNNs) based techniques into a wide range of applications such as link prediction, node classification, and graph classification the explainability of GNNs has become an indispensable…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-01-03 Yiqiao Li , Jianlong Zhou , Boyuan Zheng , Fang Chen

Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) have become a building block in graph data processing, with wide applications in critical domains. The growing needs to deploy GNNs in high-stakes applications necessitate explainability for users in the…

Given the complexity and lack of transparency in deep neural networks (DNNs), extensive efforts have been made to make these systems more interpretable or explain their behaviors in accessible terms. Unlike most reviews, which focus on…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-01-17 Haoyi Xiong , Xuhong Li , Xiaofei Zhang , Jiamin Chen , Xinhao Sun , Yuchen Li , Zeyi Sun , Mengnan Du

Graph neural networks (GNNs) have achieved great success in many scenarios with graph-structured data. However, in many real applications, there are three issues when applying GNNs: graphs are unknown, nodes have noisy features, and graphs…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-10-11 Yixiang Shan , Jielong Yang , Xing Liu , Yixing Gao , Hechang Chen , Shuzhi Sam Ge

Explainable artificial intelligence (xAI) has gained significant attention in recent years. Among other things, explainablility for deep neural networks has been a topic of intensive research due to the meteoric rise in prominence of deep…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-01-08 Ly Ly Trieu , Tran Cao Son

Despite transformers being considered as the new standard in computer vision, convolutional neural networks (CNNs) still outperform them in low-data regimes. Nonetheless, CNNs often make decisions based on narrow, specific regions of input…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-09-27 David Bertoin , Eduardo Hugo Sanchez , Mehdi Zouitine , Emmanuel Rachelson

Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) have become essential tools for analyzing graph-structured data in domains such as drug discovery and financial analysis, leading to growing demands for model transparency. Recent advances in explainable GNNs…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-04 Bin Ma , Yuyuan Feng , Minhua Lin , Enyan Dai

Machine learning (ML) on graph-structured data has recently received deepened interest in the context of intrusion detection in the cybersecurity domain. Due to the increasing amounts of data generated by monitoring tools as well as more…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-08-25 Anna Himmelhuber , Dominik Dold , Stephan Grimm , Sonja Zillner , Thomas Runkler

Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) are gaining extensive attention for their application in graph data. However, the black-box nature of GNNs prevents users from understanding and trusting the models, thus hampering their applicability. Whereas…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-05-23 Qizhang Feng , Ninghao Liu , Fan Yang , Ruixiang Tang , Mengnan Du , Xia Hu

Graphs are ubiquitous in many applications, such as social networks, knowledge graphs, smart grids, etc.. Graph neural networks (GNN) are the current state-of-the-art for these applications, and yet remain obscure to humans. Explaining the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-11-22 Yazheng Liu , Xi Zhang , Sihong Xie

Ensuring both transparency and safety is critical when deploying Deep Neural Networks (DNNs) in high-risk applications, such as medicine. The field of explainable AI (XAI) has proposed various methods to comprehend the decision-making…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-04-30 Maximilian Dreyer , Reduan Achtibat , Wojciech Samek , Sebastian Lapuschkin

Graph neural networks (GNNs) are the predominant approach for graph-based machine learning. While neural networks have shown great performance at learning useful representations, they are often criticized for their limited high-level…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-07-09 Markus Zopf , Francesco Alesiani

Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) resurge as a trending research subject owing to their impressive ability to capture representations from graph-structured data. However, the black-box nature of GNNs presents a significant challenge in terms of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-10-26 Tianchun Wang , Dongsheng Luo , Wei Cheng , Haifeng Chen , Xiang Zhang

Deep learning methods are achieving ever-increasing performance on many artificial intelligence tasks. A major limitation of deep models is that they are not amenable to interpretability. This limitation can be circumvented by developing…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-07-05 Hao Yuan , Haiyang Yu , Shurui Gui , Shuiwang Ji

Real data collected from different applications that have additional topological structures and connection information are amenable to be represented as a weighted graph. Considering the node labeling problem, Graph Neural Networks (GNNs)…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2020-02-06 Xiaoxiao Li , Joao Saude

Regularizers help deep neural networks prevent feature co-adaptations. Dropout, as a commonly used regularization technique, stochastically disables neuron activations during network optimization. However, such complete feature disposal can…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-01-25 Tiange Xiang , Chaoyi Zhang , Yang Song , Siqi Liu , Hongliang Yuan , Weidong Cai