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Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) improves reliability of large language models by incorporating external knowledge, but the retrieval process can introduce bias that propagates to generated outputs. This issue is particularly…

Databases · Computer Science 2026-05-18 Yingqi Zhao , Vasilis Efthymiou , Jyrki Nummenmaa , Kostas Stefanidis

Retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) has emerged as a popular solution to mitigate the hallucination issues of large language models. However, existing studies on RAG seldom address the issue of predictive uncertainty, i.e., how likely it…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-12-05 Lu Chen , Ruqing Zhang , Jiafeng Guo , Yixing Fan , Xueqi Cheng

Retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) systems combine document retrieval with a generative model to address complex information seeking tasks like report generation. While the relationship between retrieval quality and generation…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-04-15 Saron Samuel , Alexander Martin , Eugene Yang , Andrew Yates , Dawn Lawrie , Laura Dietz , Benjamin Van Durme

The effectiveness upper bound of retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) is fundamentally constrained by the semantic integrity and information granularity of text chunks in its knowledge base. To address these challenges, this paper proposes…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-13 Jihao Zhao , Daixuan Li , Pengfei Li , Shuaishuai Zu , Biao Qin , Hongyan Liu

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) leverages large language models (LLMs) combined with external contexts to enhance the accuracy and reliability of generated responses. However, reliably attributing generated content to specific context…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-12 Ruizhe Li , Chen Chen , Yuchen Hu , Yanjun Gao , Xi Wang , Emine Yilmaz

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) aims to generate more reliable and accurate responses, by augmenting large language models (LLMs) with the external vast and dynamic knowledge. Most previous work focuses on using RAG for single-round…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-03-28 Linhao Ye , Zhikai Lei , Jianghao Yin , Qin Chen , Jie Zhou , Liang He

Traditional Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) approaches generally assume that retrieval and generation occur on powerful servers removed from the end user. While this reduces local hardware constraints, it introduces significant…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-04-17 Julian Killingback , Ofer Meshi , Henry Li , Hamed Zamani , Maryam Karimzadehgan

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) systems critically depend on effective document chunking strategies to balance retrieval quality, latency, and operational cost. Traditional chunking approaches, such as fixed-size, rule-based, or fully…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-04-08 Uday Allu , Sonu Kedia , Tanmay Odapally , Biddwan Ahmed

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) has emerged as a powerful paradigm for grounding large language models in external knowledge sources, improving the precision of agents responses. However, high-dimensional language model embeddings,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-04-14 Arman Khaledian , Amirreza Ghadiridehkordi , Nariman Khaledian

Retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) has recently demonstrated considerable potential for repository-level code completion, as it integrates cross-file knowledge with in-file preceding code to provide comprehensive contexts for generation.…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-08-11 Yanzhou Li , Shangqing Liu , Kangjie Chen , Tianwei Zhang , Yang Liu

Large language models like ChatGPT are increasingly used in classrooms, but they often provide outdated or fabricated information that can mislead students. Retrieval Augmented Generation (RAG) improves reliability of LLMs by grounding…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-09-10 Amay Jain , Liu Cui , Si Chen

The emergence of Retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) has alleviated the issues of outdated and hallucinatory content in the generation of large language models (LLMs), yet it still reveals numerous limitations. When a general-purpose LLM…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-12-20 Jiayi Wu , Hengyi Cai , Lingyong Yan , Hao Sun , Xiang Li , Shuaiqiang Wang , Dawei Yin , Ming Gao

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) mitigates hallucination in large language models (LLMs) by incorporating external knowledge during generation. However, the effectiveness of RAG depends not only on the design of the retriever and the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-15 Xudong Wang , Chaoning Zhang , Qigan Sun , Zhenzhen Huang , Chang Lu , Sheng Zheng , Zeyu Ma , Caiyan Qin , Yang Yang , Hengtao Shen

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) has emerged as a promising approach to address key limitations of Large Language Models (LLMs), such as hallucination, outdated knowledge, and lacking reference. However, current RAG frameworks often…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-09-17 Zihan Wang , Zihan Liang , Zhou Shao , Yufei Ma , Huangyu Dai , Ben Chen , Lingtao Mao , Chenyi Lei , Yuqing Ding , Han Li

Chunking information is a key step in Retrieval Augmented Generation (RAG). Current research primarily centers on paragraph-level chunking. This approach treats all texts as equal and neglects the information contained in the structure of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-03-19 Antonio Jimeno Yepes , Yao You , Jan Milczek , Sebastian Laverde , Renyu Li

Large Language Models (LLMs) and Code-LLMs (CLLMs) have significantly improved code generation, but, they frequently face difficulties when dealing with challenging and complex problems. Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) addresses this…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-06-17 Iman Saberi , Fatemeh Fard

Augmenting Large Language Models (LLMs) with information retrieval capabilities (i.e., Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG)) has proven beneficial for knowledge-intensive tasks. However, understanding users' contextual search intent when…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-09-25 Nirmal Roy , Leonardo F. R. Ribeiro , Rexhina Blloshmi , Kevin Small

Long-Context Question Answering (LCQA), a challenging task, aims to reason over long-context documents to yield accurate answers to questions. Existing long-context Large Language Models (LLMs) for LCQA often struggle with the "lost in the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-11-04 Qingfei Zhao , Ruobing Wang , Yukuo Cen , Daren Zha , Shicheng Tan , Yuxiao Dong , Jie Tang

Retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) has emerged as a pivotal method for expanding the knowledge of large language models. To handle complex queries more effectively, researchers developed Adaptive-RAG (A-RAG) to enhance the generated…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-05-27 Jie Ou , Jinyu Guo , Shuaihong Jiang , Zhaokun Wang , Libo Qin , Shunyu Yao , Wenhong Tian

Retrieval Augmented Generation (RAG) has been a powerful tool for Large Language Models (LLMs) to efficiently process overly lengthy contexts. However, recent LLMs like Gemini-1.5 and GPT-4 show exceptional capabilities to understand long…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-18 Zhuowan Li , Cheng Li , Mingyang Zhang , Qiaozhu Mei , Michael Bendersky