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Recent advancements in multimodal large language models have driven breakthroughs in visual question answering. Yet, a critical gap persists, `conceptualization'-the ability to recognize and reason about the same concept despite variations…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-06-09 Zahra Babaiee , Peyman M. Kiasari , Daniela Rus , Radu Grosu

Current multimodal benchmarks often conflate reasoning with domain-specific knowledge, making it difficult to isolate and evaluate general reasoning abilities in non-expert settings. To address this, we introduce VisualPuzzles, a benchmark…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-01 Yueqi Song , Tianyue Ou , Yibo Kong , Zecheng Li , Graham Neubig , Xiang Yue

Structured reasoning over natural language inputs remains a core challenge in artificial intelligence, as it requires bridging the gap between unstructured linguistic expressions and formal logical representations. In this paper, we propose…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-07-14 Keying Yang , Hao Wang , Kai Yang

Understanding how helpful a visualization is from experimental results is difficult because the observed performance is confounded with aspects of the study design, such as how useful the information that is visualized is for the task. We…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2023-08-21 Yifan Wu , Ziyang Guo , Michails Mamakos , Jason Hartline , Jessica Hullman

Generalization in Visual Question Answering (VQA) requires models to answer questions about images with contexts beyond the training distribution. Existing attempts primarily refine unimodal aspects, overlooking enhancements in multimodal…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-10-10 Trang Nguyen , Naoaki Okazaki

Humans paint images incrementally: they plan a global layout, sketch a coarse draft, inspect, and refine details, and most importantly, each step is grounded in the evolving visual states. However, can unified multimodal models trained on…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-09 Lei Zhang , Junjiao Tian , Zhipeng Fan , Kunpeng Li , Jialiang Wang , Weifeng Chen , Markos Georgopoulos , Felix Juefei-Xu , Yuxiang Bao , Julian McAuley , Manling Li , Zecheng He

Large pre-trained vision and language models have demonstrated remarkable capacities for various tasks. However, solving the knowledge-based visual reasoning tasks remains challenging, which requires a model to comprehensively understand…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-01-13 Zhenfang Chen , Qinhong Zhou , Yikang Shen , Yining Hong , Hao Zhang , Chuang Gan

Compositional visual reasoning has emerged as a key research frontier in multimodal AI, aiming to endow machines with the human-like ability to decompose visual scenes, ground intermediate concepts, and perform multi-step logical inference.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-08-28 Fucai Ke , Joy Hsu , Zhixi Cai , Zixian Ma , Xin Zheng , Xindi Wu , Sukai Huang , Weiqing Wang , Pari Delir Haghighi , Gholamreza Haffari , Ranjay Krishna , Jiajun Wu , Hamid Rezatofighi

Large Language Models (LLMs) still struggle with multi-step logical reasoning. Existing approaches either purely refine the reasoning chain in natural language form or attach a symbolic solver as an external module. In this work, we instead…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-22 Feihao Fang , My T. Thai , Yuanyuan Lei

Despite the practical success of Artificial Intelligence (AI), current neural AI algorithms face two significant issues. First, the decisions made by neural architectures are often prone to bias and brittleness. Second, when a chain of…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-10-21 Sushmita Paul , Jinqiang Yu , Jip J. Dekker , Alexey Ignatiev , Peter J. Stuckey

Innovative HealthTech teams develop Artificial Intelligence (AI) systems in contexts where ethical expectations and organizational priorities must be balanced under severe resource constraints. While Responsible AI practices are expected to…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2026-03-02 Svitlana Surodina , Sinem Görücü , Lili Golmohammadi , Emelia Delaney , Rita Borgo

Visual reasoning, particularly spatial reasoning, is a challenging cognitive task that requires understanding object relationships and their interactions within complex environments, especially in robotics domain. Existing vision_language…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-11-03 Simindokht Jahangard , Mehrzad Mohammadi , Abhinav Dhall , Hamid Rezatofighi

Vision-language models (VLMs) have demonstrated strong reasoning abilities in literal multimodal tasks such as visual mathematics and science question answering. However, figurative language, such as sarcasm, humor, and metaphor, remains a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-27 Seyyed Saeid Cheshmi , Hahnemann Ortiz , James Mooney , Dongyeop Kang

Despite significant progress, multimodal large language models continue to struggle with visual mathematical problem solving. Some recent works recognize that visual perception is a bottleneck in visual mathematical reasoning, but their…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-02-25 Shuhang Chen , Yunqiu Xu , Junjie Xie , Aojun Lu , Tao Feng , Zeying Huang , Ning Zhang , Yi Sun , Yi Yang , Hangjie Yuan

Vision-Language Models have excelled at textual reasoning, but they often struggle with fine-grained spatial understanding and continuous action planning, failing to simulate the dynamics required for complex visual reasoning. In this work,…

Large vision-language models (LVLMs) have witnessed significant progress on visual understanding tasks. However, they often prioritize language knowledge over image information on visual reasoning tasks, incurring performance degradation.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-16 Jingqi Zhou , Sheng Wang , Jingwei Dong , Kai Liu , Lei Li , Jiahui Gao , Jiyue Jiang , Lingpeng Kong , Chuan Wu

One of the primary challenges faced by deep learning is the degree to which current methods exploit superficial statistics and dataset bias, rather than learning to generalise over the specific representations they have experienced. This is…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2019-07-30 Damien Teney , Peng Wang , Jiewei Cao , Lingqiao Liu , Chunhua Shen , Anton van den Hengel

Different from Visual Question Answering task that requires to answer only one question about an image, Visual Dialogue involves multiple questions which cover a broad range of visual content that could be related to any objects,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2019-11-19 Xiaoze Jiang , Jing Yu , Zengchang Qin , Yingying Zhuang , Xingxing Zhang , Yue Hu , Qi Wu

Visual perception and language understanding are - fundamental components of human intelligence, enabling them to understand and reason about objects and their interactions. It is crucial for machines to have this capacity to reason using…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-09-27 Thao Minh Le

Visual reasoning models (VRMs) have recently shown strong cross-modal reasoning capabilities by integrating visual perception with language reasoning. However, they often suffer from overthinking, producing unnecessarily long reasoning…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-17 Yixu Huang , Tinghui Zhu , Muhao Chen