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The measurement error of pulse times of arrival (TOAs) in the high S/N limit is dominated by the quasi-random variation of a pulsar's emission profile from rotation to rotation. Like measurement noise, this noise is only reduced as the…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2015-06-15 Matthew Kerr

Pulsar timing is a valuable source of high-precision astrophysical measurements which can be used to probe gravitational physics, including by detecting gravitational waves. An important factor limiting the precision of these measurements…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2026-05-22 Ross J. Jennings , James M. Cordes , Shami Chatterjee , Maura A. McLaughlin

The use of pulsars as astrophysical clocks for gravitational wave experiments demands the highest possible timing precision. Pulse times of arrival (TOAs) are limited by stochastic processes that occur in the pulsar itself, along the line…

Time-of-arrival (TOA) measurements of pulses from pulsars are conventionally made by a template matching algorithm that compares a profile constructed by averaging a finite number of pulses to a long-term average pulse shape. However, the…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2024-11-06 Ross J. Jennings , James M. Cordes , Shami Chatterjee

Timing pulses of pulsars has proved to be a most powerful technique useful to a host of research areas in astronomy and physics. Importantly, the precision of this timing is not only affected by radiometer noise, but also by intrinsic pulse…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2015-05-28 K. Liu , J. P. W. Verbiest , M. Kramer , B. W. Stappers , W. van Straten , J. M. Cordes

Extracting precise pulse times of arrival (TOAs) and their uncertainties is the first and most fundamental step in high-precision pulsar timing. In the classical method, TOAs are derived from total intensity pulse profiles of pulsars via…

The measurement of pulsar pulse times-of-arrival (ToAs) is a crucial step in detecting low-frequency gravitational waves. To determine ToAs, we can use template-matching to compare each observed pulse profile with a standard template.…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2024-07-17 J. Wang , J. P. W. Verbiest , G. M. Shaifullah , I. Cognard , L. Guillemot , G. H. Janssen , M. B. Mickaliger , A. Possenti , G. Theureau

Pulsar timing experiments require high fidelity template profiles in order to minimize the biases in pulse time-of-arrival (TOA) measurements and their uncertainties. Efforts to acquire more precise TOAs given fixed effective area of…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2019-01-30 Timothy T. Pennucci

Most millisecond pulsars, like essentially all other radio pulsars, show timing errors well in excess of what is expected from additive radiometer noise alone. We show that changes in amplitude, shape and pulse phase for the millisecond…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2015-06-11 Ryan M. Shannon , James M. Cordes

This paper describes a comprehensive measurement model for the error budget of pulse arrival times with emphasis on intrinsic pulse jitterand plasma propagation effects (particularly interstellar scattering), which are stochastic in time…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2010-10-20 J. M. Cordes , R. M. Shannon

Single pulses preserve information about the pulsar radio emission and propagation in the pulsar magnetosphere, and understanding the behaviour of their variability is essential for estimating the fundamental limit on the achievable pulsar…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2016-09-21 K. Liu , C. G. Bassa , G. H. Janssen , R. Karuppusamy , J. McKee , M. Kramer , K. J. Lee , D. Perrodin , M. Purver , S. Sanidas , R. Smits , B. W. Stappers , P. Weltevrede , W. W. Zhu

Frequency metrology outperforms any other branch of metrology in accuracy (parts in $10^{-16}$) and small fluctuations ($<10^{-17}$). In turn, among celestial bodies, the rotation speed of millisecond pulsars (MSP) is by far the most stable…

Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability · Physics 2022-02-04 Siyuan Chen , Francois Vernotte , Enrico Rubiola

Understanding the jitter noise resulting from single-pulse phase and shape variations is important for the detection of gravitational waves using pulsar timing array. We presented measurements of jitter noise and single-pulse variability of…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2024-01-24 S. Q. Wang , N. Wang , J. B. Wang , G. Hobbs , H. Xu , B. J. Wang , S. Dai , S. J. Dang , D. Li , Y. Feng , C. M. Zhang

Using the Five-hundred-meter Aperture Spherical radio Telescope (FAST), we have recorded 10^5 single pulses from PSR J1022+1001. We studied the polarization properties, their energy distribution and their times of arrival. This is only…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2022-02-23 Yi Feng , George Hobbs , Di Li , Shi Dai , Weiwei Zhu , Youling Yue , Pei Wang , Songbo Zhang , Lei Qian , Lei Zhang , Shuangqiang Wang , Chenchen Miao , Mao Yuan , Yongkun Zhang

Precision pulsar timing is integral to the detection of the nanohertz stochastic gravitational-wave background as well as understanding the physics of neutron stars. Conventional pulsar timing often uses fixed time and frequency-averaged…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2023-06-14 Rowina S. Nathan , Matthew T. Miles , Gregory Ashton , Paul D. Lasky , Eric Thrane , Daniel J. Reardon , Ryan M. Shannon , Andrew D. Cameron

High-sensitivity radio-frequency observations of millisecond pulsars usually show stochastic, broadband, pulse-shape variations intrinsic to the pulsar emission process. These variations induce jitter noise in pulsar timing observations;…

We present a robust approach to incorporating models for the time-variable broadening of the pulse profile due to scattering in the ionized interstellar medium into profile-domain pulsar timing analysis. We use this approach to…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2017-04-12 L. Lentati , M. Kerr , S. Dai , R. M. Shannon , G. Hobbs , S. Oslowski

Precision pulsar timing can be used for a variety of astrophysical tests from the detection of gravitational waves to probing the properties of the interstellar medium (ISM). Here we present analyses of the noise contributions to pulsar…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2020-02-20 Brent J. Shapiro-Albert , Maura A. McLaughlin , Michael T. Lam , James M. Cordes , Joe K. Swiggum
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