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We study the problem of fine-tuning a language model (LM) for a target task by optimally using the information from $n$ auxiliary tasks. This problem has broad applications in NLP, such as targeted instruction tuning and data selection in…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-03 Dongyue Li , Ziniu Zhang , Lu Wang , Hongyang R. Zhang

The recent advancements of Small Language Models (SLMs) have opened new possibilities for efficient code generation. SLMs offer lightweight and cost-effective alternatives to Large Language Models (LLMs), making them attractive for use in…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-01-21 Md Mahade Hasan , Muhammad Waseem , Kai-Kristian Kemell , Jussi Rasku , Juha Ala-Rantala , Pekka Abrahamsson

This work presents BAdam, an optimization method that leverages the block coordinate descent (BCD) framework with Adam's update rule. BAdam offers a memory efficient approach to the full parameter finetuning of large language models. We…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-11-18 Qijun Luo , Hengxu Yu , Xiao Li

The advancement of Large Language Models (LLMs) for domain applications in fields such as materials science and engineering depends on the development of fine-tuning strategies that adapt models for specialized, technical capabilities. In…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-09-06 Wei Lu , Rachel K. Luu , Markus J. Buehler

Large-batch training has become a cornerstone in accelerating the training of deep neural networks, yet it poses challenges in optimization and generalization. Existing optimizers like AdamW present performance degradation during language…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-29 Yang Luo , Zangwei Zheng , Ziheng Qin , Zirui Zhu , Yong Liu , Yang You

Large Language Models (LLMs) have revolutionized code generation but require significant resources and often over-generalize, limiting their task-specific efficiency. Fine-tuning smaller, open-source LLMs provides a cost-effective…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-27 Leitian Tao , Xiang Chen , Tong Yu , Tung Mai , Ryan Rossi , Yixuan Li , Saayan Mitra

The parallels between protein sequences and natural language in their sequential structures have inspired the application of large language models (LLMs) to protein understanding. Despite the success of LLMs in NLP, their effectiveness in…

Quantitative Methods · Quantitative Biology 2024-07-09 Yiqing Shen , Zan Chen , Michail Mamalakis , Luhan He , Haiyang Xia , Tianbin Li , Yanzhou Su , Junjun He , Yu Guang Wang

Full fine-tuning of Large Language Models (LLMs) is notoriously memory-intensive, primarily because conventional optimizers such as SGD or Adam assume access to exact gradients derived from cached activations. Existing solutions either…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-28 Jing Yang , Kaitong Cai , Yijia Fan , Yufeng Yang , Keze Wang

This study investigates small-scale pretraining for Small Language Models (SLMs) to enable efficient use of limited data and compute, improve accessibility in low-resource settings and reduce costs. To enhance long-context extrapolation in…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-01 Ruizhe Huang , Kexuan Zhang , Yihao Fang , Baifeng Yu

This paper develops an ensemble method for fine-tuning a language model to multiple datasets. Existing methods, such as quantized LoRA (QLoRA), are efficient when adapting to a single dataset. When training on multiple datasets of different…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-29 Dongyue Li , Ziniu Zhang , Lu Wang , Hongyang R. Zhang

Coreset selection is powerful in reducing computational costs and accelerating data processing for deep learning algorithms. It strives to identify a small subset from large-scale data, so that training only on the subset practically…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-03-01 Xiaobo Xia , Jiale Liu , Shaokun Zhang , Qingyun Wu , Hongxin Wei , Tongliang Liu

Large 2D vision-language models (2D-LLMs) have gained significant attention by bridging Large Language Models (LLMs) with images using a simple projector. Inspired by their success, large 3D point cloud-language models (3D-LLMs) also…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-05-03 Yuan Tang , Xu Han , Xianzhi Li , Qiao Yu , Yixue Hao , Long Hu , Min Chen

Instruction tuning in multimodal large language models (MLLMs) generally involves cooperative learning between a backbone LLM and a feature encoder of non-text input modalities. The major challenge is how to efficiently find the synergy…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-10 Xintong Li , Junda Wu , Tong Yu , Yu Wang , Xiang Chen , Jiuxiang Gu , Lina Yao , Julian McAuley , Jingbo Shang

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable capabilities across a variety of software engineering and coding tasks. However, their application in the domain of code and compiler optimization remains underexplored. Training…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2024-07-04 Chris Cummins , Volker Seeker , Dejan Grubisic , Baptiste Roziere , Jonas Gehring , Gabriel Synnaeve , Hugh Leather

Fine-tuning Large Language Models (LLMs) has become a crucial technique for adapting pre-trained models to downstream tasks. However, the enormous size of LLMs poses significant challenges in terms of computational complexity and resource…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-28 Yifei Zhang , Hao Zhu , Aiwei Liu , Han Yu , Piotr Koniusz , Irwin King

Large Language Models (LLMs) have become a popular choice for many Natural Language Processing (NLP) tasks due to their versatility and ability to produce high-quality results. Specifically, they are increasingly used for automatic code…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-08-30 Jessica López Espejel , Mahaman Sanoussi Yahaya Alassan , Merieme Bouhandi , Walid Dahhane , El Hassane Ettifouri

The in-context learning ability of large language models (LLMs) enables them to generalize to novel downstream tasks with relatively few labeled examples. However, they require enormous computational resources to be deployed. Alternatively,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-01-09 Jean Kaddour , Qi Liu

Despite advancements, fine-tuning Large Language Models (LLMs) remains costly due to the extensive parameter count and substantial data requirements for model generalization. Accessibility to computing resources remains a barrier for the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-04 Ayrton San Joaquin , Bin Wang , Zhengyuan Liu , Nicholas Asher , Brian Lim , Philippe Muller , Nancy F. Chen

The impressive performance of large language models (LLMs) arises from their massive scale and heterogeneous module composition. However, this structural heterogeneity introduces additional optimization challenges. While adaptive optimizers…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-08 Ziqing Wen , Zhouyang Liu , Jiahuan Wang , Ping Luo , Li Shen , Dongsheng Li , Tao Sun