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We consider the task of estimating the expectation value of an $n$-qubit tensor product observable $O_1\otimes O_2\otimes \cdots \otimes O_n$ in the output state of a shallow quantum circuit. This task is a cornerstone of variational…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-03-11 Sergey Bravyi , David Gosset , Ramis Movassagh

Hybrid variational quantum algorithms are promising for solving practical problems, such as combinatorial optimization, quantum chemistry simulation, quantum machine learning, and quantum error correction on noisy quantum computers.…

Quantum simulation, the simulation of quantum processes on quantum computers, suggests a path forward for the efficient simulation of problems in condensed-matter physics, quantum chemistry, and materials science. While the majority of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-10-03 Paul K. Faehrmann , Mark Steudtner , Richard Kueng , Maria Kieferova , Jens Eisert

Quantum sensing is an important application of emerging quantum technologies. We explore whether a hybrid system of quantum sensors and quantum circuits can surpass the classical limit of sensing. In particular, we use optimization…

An active area of investigation in the search for quantum advantage is Quantum Machine Learning. Quantum Machine Learning, and Parameterized Quantum Circuits in a hybrid quantum-classical setup in particular, could bring advancements in…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-09-01 Thomas Hubregtsen , Josef Pichlmeier , Patrick Stecher , Koen Bertels

Randomized quantum algorithms have been proposed in the context of quantum simulation and quantum linear algebra with the goal of constructing shallower circuits than methods based on block encodings. While the algorithmic complexities of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-10-16 Siddharth Hariprakash , Roel Van Beeumen , Katherine Klymko , Daan Camps

We investigate quantum parameter estimation based on linear and Kerr-type nonlinear controls in an open quantum system, and consider the dissipation rate as an unknown parameter. We show that while the precision of parameter estimation is…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2017-12-12 Beili Gong , Wei Cui

Motivated by realistic hardware considerations of the pre-fault-tolerant era, we comprehensively study the impact of uncorrected noise on quantum circuits. We first show that any noise `truncates' most quantum circuits to effectively…

Quantum process tomography is an experimental technique to fully characterize an unknown quantum process. Standard quantum process tomography suffers from exponentially scaling of the number of measurements with the increasing system size.…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-08-02 Shichuan Xue , Yong Liu , Yang Wang , Pingyu Zhu , Chu Guo , Junjie Wu

The present era of quantum processors with hundreds to thousands of noisy qubits has sparked interest in understanding the computational power of these devices and how to leverage it to solve practically relevant problems. For applications…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-04-15 Victor Martinez , Omar Fawzi , Daniel Stilck França

Sampling noisy intermediate-scale quantum devices is a fundamental step that converts coherent quantum-circuit outputs to measurement data for running variational quantum algorithms that utilize gradient and Hessian methods in cost-function…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-07-04 Y. S. Teo

An important application for near-term quantum computing lies in optimization tasks, with applications ranging from quantum chemistry and drug discovery to machine learning. In many settings --- most prominently in so-called parametrized or…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-03-27 Maria Schuld , Ville Bergholm , Christian Gogolin , Josh Izaac , Nathan Killoran

We introduce the first randomized algorithms for Quantum Singular Value Transformation (QSVT), a unifying framework for many quantum algorithms. Standard implementations of QSVT rely on block encodings of the Hamiltonian, which are costly…

Obtaining the expectation value of an observable on a quantum computer is a crucial step in the variational quantum algorithms. For complicated observables such as molecular electronic Hamiltonians, a common strategy is to present the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-04-20 Tzu-Ching Yen , Aadithya Ganeshram , Artur F. Izmaylov

We construct quantum circuits which exactly encode the spectra of correlated electron models up to errors from rotation synthesis. By invoking these circuits as oracles within the recently introduced "qubitization" framework, one can use…

Demonstrating quantum advantage in machine learning tasks requires navigating a complex landscape of proposed models and algorithms. To bring clarity to this search, we introduce a framework that connects the structure of parametrized…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-12-23 Sergi Masot-Llima , Elies Gil-Fuster , Carlos Bravo-Prieto , Jens Eisert , Tommaso Guaita

Estimating observable expectation values in eigenstates of quantum systems has a broad range of applications and is an area where early fault-tolerant quantum computers may provide practical quantum advantage. We develop a hybrid…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-03-03 Bence Bakó , Tenzan Araki , Bálint Koczor

Quantum computing has long promised transformative advances in data analysis, yet practical quantum machine learning has remained elusive due to fundamental obstacles such as a steep quantum cost for the loading of classical data and poor…

Gradient estimation is a central challenge in training parameterized quantum circuits (PQCs) for hybrid quantum-classical optimization and learning problems. This difficulty arises from several factors, including the exponential…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-05-25 Mohsen Heidari , Masih Mozakka , Wojciech Szpankowski

The simulation of complex quantum systems on a quantum computer is studied, taking the kicked Harper model as an example. This well-studied system has a rich variety of dynamical behavior depending on parameters, displays interesting…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Benjamin Levi , Bertrand Georgeot