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E-commerce search engines often rely solely on product titles as input for ranking models with latency constraints. However, this approach can result in suboptimal relevance predictions, as product titles often lack sufficient detail to…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-08-13 Nitin Yadav , Changsung Kang , Hongwei Shang , Ming Sun

We present ReCAD, a reinforcement learning (RL) framework that bootstraps pretrained large models (PLMs) to generate precise parametric computer-aided design (CAD) models from multimodal inputs by leveraging their inherent generative…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-12-09 Jiahao Li , Yusheng Luo , Yunzhong Lou , Xiangdong Zhou

Recent strides in large language models (LLMs) have yielded remarkable performance, leveraging reinforcement learning from human feedback (RLHF) to significantly enhance generation and alignment capabilities. However, RLHF encounters…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-05-31 Kuo Liao , Shuang Li , Meng Zhao , Liqun Liu , Mengge Xue , Zhenyu Hu , Honglin Han , Chengguo Yin

Reinforcement learning with verifiable rewards (RLVR) has demonstrated superior performance in enhancing the reasoning capability of large language models (LLMs). However, this accuracy-oriented learning paradigm often suffers from entropy…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-01-19 Hongye Cao , Zhixin Bai , Ziyue Peng , Boyan Wang , Tianpei Yang , Jing Huo , Yuyao Zhang , Yang Gao

In this work we present a systematic empirical study focused on the suitability of the state-of-the-art multilingual encoders for cross-lingual document and sentence retrieval tasks across a number of diverse language pairs. We first treat…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-12-22 Robert Litschko , Ivan Vulić , Simone Paolo Ponzetto , Goran Glavaš

Reinforcement Learning (RL) has shown promise in improving the reasoning abilities of Large Language Models (LLMs). However, the specific challenges of adapting RL to multimodal data and formats remain relatively unexplored. In this work,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-20 Zirun Guo , Minjie Hong , Tao Jin

Classic reinforcement learning (RL) frequently confronts challenges in tasks involving delays, which cause a mismatch between received observations and subsequent actions, thereby deviating from the Markov assumption. Existing methods…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-06 Bo Xia , Yilun Kong , Yongzhe Chang , Bo Yuan , Zhiheng Li , Xueqian Wang , Bin Liang

Large language models (LLMs) have notably progressed in multi-step and long-chain reasoning. However, extending their reasoning capabilities to encompass deep interactions with search remains a non-trivial challenge, as models often fail to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-05 Qingfei Zhao , Ruobing Wang , Dingling Xu , Daren Zha , Limin Liu

Recommender systems are critical for delivering personalized content across digital platforms, and recent advances in Large Language Models (LLMs) offer new opportunities to enhance them with richer world knowledge and explicit reasoning…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-05-22 Jingtong Gao , Zeyu Song , Chi Lu , Xiaopeng Li , Derong Xu , Maolin Wang , Peng Jiang , Kun Gai , Qingpeng Cai , Xiangyu Zhao

The advent of large language models (LLMs) has significantly advanced artificial intelligence (AI) in software engineering (SE), with source code embeddings playing a crucial role in tasks such as source code clone detection and source code…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-06-04 Zixiang Xian , Chenhui Cui , Rubing Huang , Chunrong Fang , Zhenyu Chen

Code understanding and generation have fast become some of the most popular applications of language models (LMs). Nonetheless, research on multilingual aspects of Code-LMs (i.e., LMs for code generation) such as cross-lingual transfer…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-04-16 Indraneil Paul , Goran Glavaš , Iryna Gurevych

Despite the rapid growth of machine learning research, corresponding code implementations are often unavailable, making it slow and labor-intensive for researchers to reproduce results and build upon prior work. In the meantime, recent…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-02 Minju Seo , Jinheon Baek , Seongyun Lee , Sung Ju Hwang

Large language models (LLMs) have recently shown strong reasoning abilities in domains like mathematics, coding, and scientific problem-solving, yet their potential for ranking tasks, where prime examples include retrieval, recommender…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-10-17 Tao Feng , Zhigang Hua , Zijie Lei , Yan Xie , Shuang Yang , Bo Long , Jiaxuan You

We propose Corder, a self-supervised contrastive learning framework for source code model. Corder is designed to alleviate the need of labeled data for code retrieval and code summarization tasks. The pre-trained model of Corder can be used…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2021-05-25 Nghi D. Q. Bui , Yijun Yu , Lingxiao Jiang

Large language models (LLMs) can face factual limitations when responding to time-sensitive queries about recent events that arise after their knowledge thresholds in the training corpus. Existing search-augmented approaches fall into two…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-06-11 Wentao Shi , Yiqing Shen

Existing code reasoning methods primarily supervise final code outputs, ignoring intermediate states, often leading to reward hacking where correct answers are obtained through inconsistent reasoning. We propose StepCodeReasoner, a…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-05-13 Hao Wang , Rui Li , Lei Sha , Jie M. Zhang

Improving the reliability of large language models (LLMs) is critical for deploying them in real-world scenarios. In this paper, we propose \textbf{Deliberative Searcher}, the first framework to integrate certainty calibration with…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-20 Zhenyun Yin , Shujie Wang , Xuhong Wang , Xingjun Ma , Yinchun Wang

Large Language Models (LLMs) have shown incredible potential in code generation tasks, and recent research in prompt engineering have enhanced LLMs' understanding of textual information. However, ensuring the accuracy of generated code…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-10-04 Haolin Jin , Zechao Sun , Huaming Chen

Code completion is a valuable topic in both academia and industry. Recently, large-scale mono-programming-lingual (MonoPL) pre-training models have been proposed to boost the performance of code completion. However, the code completion on…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-12-20 Zi Gong , Yinpeng Guo , Pingyi Zhou , Cuiyun Gao , Yasheng Wang , Zenglin Xu

Large language models (LLMs) for code have become indispensable in various domains, including code generation, reasoning tasks and agent systems. While open-access code LLMs are increasingly approaching the performance levels of proprietary…