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As Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly applied to document-based tasks - such as document summarization, question answering, and information extraction - where user requirements focus on retrieving information from provided…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-05-13 Vipula Rawte , Ryan A. Rossi , Franck Dernoncourt , Nedim Lipka

Data attribution methods play a crucial role in understanding machine learning models, providing insight into which training data points are most responsible for model outputs during deployment. However, current state-of-the-art approaches…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-11-08 Vasu Singla , Pedro Sandoval-Segura , Micah Goldblum , Jonas Geiping , Tom Goldstein

In the last decade neural network have made huge impact both in industry and research due to their ability to extract meaningful features from imprecise or complex data, and by achieving super human performance in several domains. However,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2022-02-09 Dominique Mercier , Jwalin Bhatt , Andreas Dengel , Sheraz Ahmed

Attribution methods correspond to a class of explainability methods (XAI) that aim to assess how individual inputs contribute to a model's decision-making process. We have identified a significant limitation in one type of attribution…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-06-11 Sabine Muzellec , Thomas Fel , Victor Boutin , Léo andéol , Rufin VanRullen , Thomas Serre

Explainability is crucial for improving the transparency of black-box machine learning models. With the advancement of explanation methods such as LIME and SHAP, various XAI performance metrics have been developed to evaluate the quality of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-02 Sujoy Chatterjee , Everton Romanzini Colombo , Marcos Medeiros Raimundo

As AI generative models evolve at unprecedented speed, image attribution has become a moving target. New diffusion, adversarial and autoregressive generators appear almost monthly, making existing watermark, classifier and inversion methods…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-22 Haotian Qin , Dongliang Chang , Yueying Gao , Yuexuan Tan , Lei Chen , Zhanyu Ma

The field of explainable artificial intelligence (XAI) attempts to develop methods that provide insight into how complicated machine learning methods make predictions. Many methods of explanation have focused on the concept of feature…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-03-13 Kurt Butler , Guanchao Feng , Petar M. Djuric

Feature attribution explains neural network outputs by identifying relevant input features. The attribution has to be faithful, meaning that the attributed features must mirror the input features that influence the output. One recent trend…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-02-15 Yang Zhang , Yawei Li , Hannah Brown , Mina Rezaei , Bernd Bischl , Philip Torr , Ashkan Khakzar , Kenji Kawaguchi

When users perceive AI systems as mindful, independent agents, they hold them responsible instead of the AI experts who created and designed these systems. So far, it has not been studied whether explanations support this shift in…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-12-20 Susanne Hindennach , Lei Shi , Filip Miletić , Andreas Bulling

In learning-to-rank for information retrieval, a ranking model is automatically learned from the data and then utilized to rank the sets of retrieved documents. Therefore, an ideal ranking model would be a mapping from a document set to a…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2020-05-08 Liang Pang , Jun Xu , Qingyao Ai , Yanyan Lan , Xueqi Cheng , Jirong Wen

Large language models (LLMs) present a promising yet challenging frontier for automated source citation in scientific communication. Previous approaches to citation generation have been limited by citation ambiguity and LLM…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-04-14 Yash Saxena , Deepa Tilwani , Ali Mohammadi , Edward Raff , Amit Sheth , Srinivasan Parthasarathy , Manas Gaur

With the rising necessity of explainable artificial intelligence (XAI), we see an increase in task-dependent XAI methods on varying abstraction levels. XAI techniques on a global level explain model behavior and on a local level explain…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2023-07-18 Udo Schlegel , Daniela Oelke , Daniel A. Keim , Mennatallah El-Assady

The advancements in deep learning-based methods for visual perception tasks have seen astounding growth in the last decade, with widespread adoption in a plethora of application areas from autonomous driving to clinical decision support…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-11-29 Kumar Abhishek , Deeksha Kamath

The interpretability of deep neural networks is crucial for understanding model decisions in various applications, including computer vision. AttEXplore++, an advanced framework built upon AttEXplore, enhances attribution by incorporating…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-12-30 Zhiyu Zhu , Jiayu Zhang , Zhibo Jin , Huaming Chen , Jianlong Zhou , Fang Chen

Trustworthy answer content is abundant in many high-resource languages and is instantly accessible through question answering systems, yet this content can be hard to access for those that do not speak these languages. The leap forward in…

Layer-wise Relevance Propagation (LRP) and saliency maps have been recently used to explain the predictions of Deep Learning models, specifically in the domain of text classification. Given different attribution-based explanations to…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2018-12-04 Wenting Xiong , Iftitahu Ni'mah , Juan M. G. Huesca , Werner van Ipenburg , Jan Veldsink , Mykola Pechenizkiy

The growing need for trustworthy machine learning has led to the blossom of interpretability research. Numerous explanation methods have been developed to serve this purpose. However, these methods are deficiently and inappropriately…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-03-29 Yipei Wang , Xiaoqian Wang

Explainable AI (XAI) is increasingly essential as modern models become more complex and high-stakes applications demand transparency, trust, and regulatory compliance. Existing global attribution methods often incur high computational…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-21 Poushali Sengupta , Yan Zhang , Frank Eliassen , Sabita Maharjan

Various XAI attribution methods have been recently proposed for the transformer architecture, allowing for insights into the decision-making process of large language models by assigning importance scores to input tokens and intermediate…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-25 Leila Arras , Bruno Puri , Patrick Kahardipraja , Sebastian Lapuschkin , Wojciech Samek

Machine and deep learning have grown in popularity and use in biological research over the last decade but still present challenges in interpretability of the fitted model. The development and use of metrics to determine features driving…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-07-31 Daniel Claborne , Javier Flores , Samantha Erwin , Luke Durell , Rachel Richardson , Ruby Fore , Lisa Bramer
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