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Message passing has evolved as an effective tool for designing Graph Neural Networks (GNNs). However, most existing methods for message passing simply sum or average all the neighboring features to update node representations. They are…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-06-17 Rui Yang , Wenrui Dai , Chenglin Li , Junni Zou , Hongkai Xiong

Graph neural networks have shown significant success in the field of graph representation learning. Graph convolutions perform neighborhood aggregation and represent one of the most important graph operations. Nevertheless, one layer of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-07-21 Meng Liu , Hongyang Gao , Shuiwang Ji

Graph Anomaly Detection (GAD) aims to identify uncommon, deviated, or suspicious objects within graph-structured data. Existing methods generally focus on a single graph object type (node, edge, graph, etc.) and often overlook the inherent…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-11-12 Yiqing Lin , Jianheng Tang , Chenyi Zi , H. Vicky Zhao , Yuan Yao , Jia Li

Subgraph GNNs enhance message-passing GNNs expressivity by representing graphs as sets of subgraphs, demonstrating impressive performance across various tasks. However, their scalability is hindered by the need to process large numbers of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-02 Guy Bar-Shalom , Yam Eitan , Fabrizio Frasca , Haggai Maron

Graph Transformers (GTs) have emerged as a promising graph learning tool, leveraging their all-pair connected property to effectively capture global information. To address the over-smoothing problem in deep GNNs, global attention was…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-17 Chaohao Yuan , Zhenjie Song , Ercan Engin Kuruoglu , Kangfei Zhao , Yang Liu , Deli Zhao , Hong Cheng , Yu Rong

Spectral Graph Neural Networks (GNNs), alternatively known as graph filters, have gained increasing prevalence for heterophily graphs. Optimal graph filters rely on Laplacian eigendecomposition for Fourier transform. In an attempt to avert…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-05-22 Keke Huang , Yu Guang Wang , Ming Li , and Pietro Liò

Oversmoothing in Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) refers to the phenomenon where increasing network depth leads to homogeneous node representations. While previous work has established that Graph Convolutional Networks (GCNs) exponentially lose…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-05 Xinyi Wu , Amir Ajorlou , Zihui Wu , Ali Jadbabaie

Graph and hypergraph representation learning has attracted increasing attention from various research fields. Despite the decent performance and fruitful applications of Graph Neural Networks (GNNs), Hypergraph Neural Networks (HGNNs), and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-11-15 Minhao Zou , Zhongxue Gan , Yutong Wang , Junheng Zhang , Dongyan Sui , Chun Guan , Siyang Leng

Deep neural networks have enabled researchers to create powerful generalized frameworks, such as transformers, that can be used to solve well-studied problems in various application domains, such as text and image. However, such generalized…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-12 Rudrajit Dawn , Madhusudan Ghosh , Partha Basuchowdhuri , Sudip Kumar Naskar

Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) set the state-of-the-art in representation learning for graph-structured data. They are used in many domains, from online social networks to complex molecules. Most GNNs leverage the message-passing paradigm and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-06 Tuğrul Hasan Karabulut , İnci M. Baytaş

Message passing neural networks have shown a lot of success on graph-structured data. However, there are many instances where message passing can lead to over-smoothing or fail when neighboring nodes belong to different classes. In this…

Graph neural networks (GNNs) have emerged as powerful tools for processing relational data in applications. However, GNNs suffer from the problem of oversmoothing, the property that the features of all nodes exponentially converge to the…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-05-22 Bastian Epping , Alexandre René , Moritz Helias , Michael T. Schaub

Graph Convolutional Networks (GCNs) are powerful for processing graph-structured data and have achieved state-of-the-art performance in several tasks such as node classification, link prediction, and graph classification. However, it is…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-10-19 Langzhang Liang , Cuiyun Gao , Shiyi Chen , Shishi Duan , Yu pan , Junjin Zheng , Lei Wang , Zenglin Xu

Oversmoothing has been recognized as a main obstacle to building deep Graph Neural Networks (GNNs), limiting the performance. This position paper argues that the influence of oversmoothing has been overstated and advocates for a further…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-06 MoonJeong Park , Sunghyun Choi , Jaeseung Heo , Eunhyeok Park , Dongwoo Kim

Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) have been emerging as a promising method for relational representation including recommender systems. However, various challenging issues of social graphs hinder the practical usage of GNNs for social…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2019-08-08 Kyung-Min Kim , Donghyun Kwak , Hanock Kwak , Young-Jin Park , Sangkwon Sim , Jae-Han Cho , Minkyu Kim , Jihun Kwon , Nako Sung , Jung-Woo Ha

Existing foundation models, such as CLIP, aim to learn a unified embedding space for multimodal data, enabling a wide range of downstream web-based applications like search, recommendation, and content classification. However, these models…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-04-28 Yufei He , Yuan Sui , Xiaoxin He , Yue Liu , Yifei Sun , Bryan Hooi

Graph Neural Networks are powerful models for learning from graph-structured data, yet their effectiveness is often limited by two critical challenges: over-squashing, where information from distant nodes is excessively compressed, and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-05 Hugo Attali , Nathalie Pernelle , Davide Buscaldi , Fragkiskos D. Malliaros

Graph Neural Networks are powerful models for learning from graph-structured data, yet their effectiveness is often limited by two critical challenges: over-squashing, where information from distant nodes is excessively compressed, and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-04 Hugo Attali , Davide Buscaldi , Nathalie Pernelle , Fragkiskos D. Malliaros

Graph Convolution Networks (GCN) are widely used in learning graph representations due to their effectiveness and efficiency. However, they suffer from the notorious over-smoothing problem, in which the learned representations of densely…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-04-10 Xin Xin , Alexandros Karatzoglou , Ioannis Arapakis , Joemon M. Jose

Graph Neural Networks (GNNs), a type of neural network that can learn from graph-structured data through neighborhood information aggregation, have shown superior performance in various downstream tasks. However, as the number of layers…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-11-01 Jingbo Zhou , Yixuan Du , Ruqiong Zhang , Jun Xia , Zhizhi Yu , Zelin Zang , Di Jin , Carl Yang , Rui Zhang , Stan Z. Li