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Large Language Models (LLMs) have shown promising performance in knowledge-intensive reasoning tasks that require a compound understanding of knowledge. However, deployment of the LLMs in real-world applications can be challenging due to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-31 Minki Kang , Seanie Lee , Jinheon Baek , Kenji Kawaguchi , Sung Ju Hwang

The widespread deployment of Large Language Models (LLMs) is hindered by the high computational demands, making knowledge distillation (KD) crucial for developing compact smaller ones. However, the conventional KD methods endure the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-18 Zengkui Sun , Yijin Liu , Fandong Meng , Yufeng Chen , Jinan Xu , Jie Zhou

Large language models (LLMs) can handle a wide variety of general tasks with simple prompts, without the need for task-specific training. Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs), built upon LLMs, have demonstrated impressive potential in…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-03-25 Tao Yu , Yi-Fan Zhang , Chaoyou Fu , Junkang Wu , Jinda Lu , Kun Wang , Xingyu Lu , Yunhang Shen , Guibin Zhang , Dingjie Song , Yibo Yan , Tianlong Xu , Qingsong Wen , Zhang Zhang , Yan Huang , Liang Wang , Tieniu Tan

Large language models (LLMs) have achieved remarkable advancements in natural language processing. However, the massive scale and computational demands of these models present formidable challenges when considering their practical…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-04-09 Weize Liu , Guocong Li , Kai Zhang , Bang Du , Qiyuan Chen , Xuming Hu , Hongxia Xu , Jintai Chen , Jian Wu

Medical Large Vision-Language Models (Med-LVLMs) have shown promising results in clinical applications, but often suffer from hallucinated outputs due to misaligned visual understanding. In this work, we identify two fundamental limitations…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-12-23 Aofei Chang , Ting Wang , Fenglong Ma

Proprietary large language models (LLMs) embody substantial economic value and are generally exposed only as black-box APIs, yet adversaries can still exploit their outputs to extract knowledge via distillation. Existing defenses focus…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-07 Hao Fang , Tianyi Zhang , Tianqu Zhuang , Jiawei Kong , Kuofeng Gao , Bin Chen , Leqi Zheng , Shu-Tao Xia , Ke Xu

The distillation of knowledge from Large Language Models (LLMs) into Smaller Language Models (SLMs), preserving the capabilities and performance of LLMs while reducing model size, has played a key role in the proliferation of LLMs. Because…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-14 Henry J. Xie , Jinghan Zhang , Xinhao Zhang , Kunpeng Liu

Top-performing machine learning systems, such as deep neural networks, large ensembles and complex probabilistic graphical models, can be expensive to store, slow to evaluate and hard to integrate into larger systems. Ideally, we would like…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2015-10-09 George Papamakarios

Large language models (LLMs) have achieved significant progress in natural language processing but face challenges in deployment due to high memory and computational requirements. Weight quantization is a common approach to address these…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-17 Fangxin Liu , Ning Yang , Junping Zhao , Tao Yang , Haibing Guan , Li Jiang

We present our submission to the BabyLM challenge, whose goal was to improve the sample efficiency of language models. We trained an ensemble consisting of a GPT-2 and small LLaMA models on the developmentally-plausible, 10M-word BabyLM…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-25 Inar Timiryasov , Jean-Loup Tastet

Deep Neural Networks (DNNs) have achieved notable performance in the fields of computer vision and natural language processing with various applications in both academia and industry. However, with recent advancements in DNNs and…

Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) still struggle with fine-grained visual understanding, where answers often depend on small but decisive evidence in the full image. We observe a regional-to-global perception gap: the same MLLM…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-28 Qianhao Yuan , Jie Lou , Xing Yu , Hongyu Lin , Le Sun , Xianpei Han , Yaojie Lu

Accurate clinical diagnosis requires extensive domain knowledge and complex clinical reasoning capabilities. Although large language models (LLMs) hold great potential for clinical reasoning, their high computational and memory requirements…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Xinchun Su , Chunxu Luo , Lipeng Ma , Yixuan Li , Weidong Yang

Large Language Models (LLMs) have transformed natural language processing tasks successfully. Yet, their large size and high computational needs pose challenges for practical use, especially in resource-limited settings. Model compression…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-07-31 Xunyu Zhu , Jian Li , Yong Liu , Can Ma , Weiping Wang

Distilling conversational skills into Small Language Models (SLMs) with approximately 1 billion parameters presents significant challenges. Firstly, SLMs have limited capacity in their model parameters to learn extensive knowledge compared…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-08-22 Patrick Huber , Arash Einolghozati , Rylan Conway , Kanika Narang , Matt Smith , Waqar Nayyar , Adithya Sagar , Ahmed Aly , Akshat Shrivastava

Large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable performance across a wide range of natural language processing (NLP) tasks. However, these models are often difficult to deploy due to significant computational requirements and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-12-25 Vijay Goyal , Mustafa Khan , Aprameya Tirupati , Harveer Saini , Michael Lam , Kevin Zhu

Large Language models (LLMs) have demonstrated impressive in-context learning (ICL) capabilities, where a LLM makes predictions for a given test input together with a few input-output pairs (demonstrations). Nevertheless, the inclusion of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-03-13 Yichuan Li , Xiyao Ma , Sixing Lu , Kyumin Lee , Xiaohu Liu , Chenlei Guo

Recent advancements in Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) have demonstrated remarkable progress in visual understanding. This impressive leap raises a compelling question: how can language models, initially trained solely on…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-11-12 Jing Bi , Junjia Guo , Yunlong Tang , Lianggong Bruce Wen , Zhang Liu , Chenliang Xu

Knowledge distillation (KD) is widely used to train small, high-performing student language models (LMs) using large teacher LMs. While effective in fine-tuning, KD during pre-training faces efficiency, flexibility, and effectiveness…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-20 Yuxian Gu , Hao Zhou , Fandong Meng , Jie Zhou , Minlie Huang

Leveraging shared learning through Massively Multilingual Models, state-of-the-art machine translation models are often able to adapt to the paucity of data for low-resource languages. However, this performance comes at the cost of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-11-10 Harshita Diddee , Sandipan Dandapat , Monojit Choudhury , Tanuja Ganu , Kalika Bali