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We propose knowledge internalization (KI), which aims to complement the lexical knowledge into neural dialog models. Instead of further conditioning the knowledge-grounded dialog (KGD) models on externally retrieved knowledge, we seek to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-05-05 Zhiyong Wu , Wei Bi , Xiang Li , Lingpeng Kong , Ben Kao

Generative Artificial Intelligence (Generative AI) is a collection of AI technologies that can generate new information such as texts and images. With its strong capabilities, Generative AI has been actively studied in creative design…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-02-04 Liuging Chen , Yaxuan Song , Jia Guo , Lingyun Sun , Peter Childs , Yuan Yin

Artificial intelligence (AI) is transforming society, making it crucial to prepare the next generation through AI literacy in K-12 education. However, scalable and reliable AI literacy materials and assessment resources are lacking. To…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2024-12-03 Jiayi Wang , Ruiwei Xiao , Ying-Jui Tseng

As generative AI (Gen-AI) tools become more prevalent in education, there is a growing need to understand how educators, not just students, can actively shape their design and use. This study investigates how two instructors integrated four…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-07-30 Qian Huang , Thijs Willems

With the rapid development in online education, knowledge tracing (KT) has become a fundamental problem which traces students' knowledge status and predicts their performance on new questions. Questions are often numerous in online…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2020-09-15 Yang Yang , Jian Shen , Yanru Qu , Yunfei Liu , Kerong Wang , Yaoming Zhu , Weinan Zhang , Yong Yu

Generative AI (GAI) tools have seen rapid adoption in educational settings, yet their role in fostering critical thinking remains underexplored. While previous studies have examined GAI as a tutor for specific lessons or as a tool for…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-09-10 W. F. Lamberti , S. R. Lawrence , D. White , S. Kim , S. Abdullah

In artificial intelligence (AI), knowledge is the information required by an intelligent system to accomplish tasks. While traditional knowledge bases use discrete, symbolic representations, detecting knowledge encoded in the continuous…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-04-20 Gang Chen , Maosong Sun , Yang Liu

Text generation system has made massive promising progress contributed by deep learning techniques and has been widely applied in our life. However, existing end-to-end neural models suffer from the problem of tending to generate…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2020-03-03 Hao Wang , Bin Guo , Wei Wu , Zhiwen Yu

This article presents a hybrid approach based on a Grounded Text Generation (GTG) model to building robust task bots at scale. GTG is a hybrid model which uses a large-scale Transformer neural network as its backbone, combined with…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2020-09-09 Jianfeng Gao , Baolin Peng , Chunyuan Li , Jinchao Li , Shahin Shayandeh , Lars Liden , Heung-Yeung Shum

Understanding and conversing about dynamic scenes is one of the key capabilities of AI agents that navigate the environment and convey useful information to humans. Video question answering is a specific scenario of such AI-human…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-08-01 Guan-Lin Chao , Abhinav Rastogi , Semih Yavuz , Dilek Hakkani-Tür , Jindong Chen , Ian Lane

Cognitive presence and social presence are crucial for a comprehensive learning experience. Despite the flexibility of asynchronous learning environments to accommodate individual schedules, the inherent constraints of asynchronous…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2024-10-08 Tianjia Wang , Tong Wu , Huayi Liu , Chris Brown , Yan Chen

Providing timely and meaningful feedback remains a persistent challenge in higher education, especially in large courses where teachers must balance formative depth with scalability. Recent advances in Generative Artificial Intelligence…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2026-01-26 Alvaro Becerra , Ruth Cobos

Understanding how the brain encodes stimuli has been a fundamental problem in computational neuroscience. Insights into this problem have led to the design and development of artificial neural networks that learn representations by…

Neurons and Cognition · Quantitative Biology 2025-12-04 Shubham Choudhary , Paul Masset , Demba Ba

Visual question answering (VQA) requires joint comprehension of images and natural language questions, where many questions can't be directly or clearly answered from visual content but require reasoning from structured human knowledge with…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2018-06-14 Zhou Su , Chen Zhu , Yinpeng Dong , Dongqi Cai , Yurong Chen , Jianguo Li

Most of the existing question answering models can be largely compiled into two categories: i) open domain question answering models that answer generic questions and use large-scale knowledge base along with the targeted web-corpus…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2019-11-13 Abhishek Agarwal , Nikhil Sachdeva , Raj Kamal Yadav , Vishaal Udandarao , Vrinda Mittal , Anubha Gupta , Abhinav Mathur

Automatic question generation is an important technique that can improve the training of question answering, help chatbots to start or continue a conversation with humans, and provide assessment materials for educational purposes. Existing…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-02-28 Bang Liu , Mingjun Zhao , Di Niu , Kunfeng Lai , Yancheng He , Haojie Wei , Yu Xu

As computational systems supported by artificial intelligence (AI) techniques continue to play an increasingly pivotal role in making high-stakes recommendations and decisions across various domains, the demand for explainable AI (XAI) has…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-12-20 Muhammad Suffian , Ulrike Kuhl , Jose M. Alonso-Moral , Alessandro Bogliolo

We propose a novel approach for class incremental online learning in a limited data setting. This problem setting is challenging because of the following constraints: (1) Classes are given incrementally, which necessitates a class…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-06-15 Mohammed Asad Karim , Vinay Kumar Verma , Pravendra Singh , Vinay Namboodiri , Piyush Rai

Freelance workers must continually acquire new skills to remain competitive in online labor markets, yet they lack the organizational training, mentorship, and infrastructure available to traditional employees. Generative AI-powered tools…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2026-05-01 Kashif Imteyaz , Isabel Lopez , Nakul Rajpal , Hunjun Shin , Saiph Savage

Machine reading comprehension methods that generate answers by referring to multiple passages for a question have gained much attention in AI and NLP communities. The current methods, however, do not investigate the relationships among…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-04-30 Makoto Nakatsuji , Sohei Okui