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Recent years have seen the emergence of nonlinear methods for solving partial differential equations (PDEs), such as physics-informed neural networks (PINNs). While these approaches often perform well in practice, their theoretical analysis…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2025-08-27 Alexandre Magueresse , Santiago Badia

Machine learning, especially physics-informed neural networks (PINNs) and their neural network variants, has been widely used to solve problems involving partial differential equations (PDEs). The successful deployment of such methods…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-07 Genwei Ma , Ting Luo , Ping Yang , Xing Zhao

Due to divergence instability, the accuracy of low-order conforming finite element methods for nearly incompressible elasticity equations deteriorates as the Lam\'e coefficient $\lambda\to\infty$, or equivalently as the Poisson ratio…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2025-10-24 Josef Dick , Seungchan Ko , Quoc Thong Le Gia , Kassem Mustapha , Sanghyeon Park

Numerically solving high-dimensional partial differential equations (PDEs) is a major challenge. Conventional methods, such as finite difference methods, are unable to solve high-dimensional PDEs due to the curse-of-dimensionality. A…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2023-05-11 Deqing Jiang , Justin Sirignano , Samuel N. Cohen

Physics informed neural networks (PINNs) have recently been widely used for robust and accurate approximation of PDEs. We provide rigorous upper bounds on the generalization error of PINNs approximating solutions of the forward problem for…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2023-12-07 Siddhartha Mishra , Roberto Molinaro

Physics-informed neural networks (PINNs) effectively embed physical principles into machine learning, but often struggle with complex or alternating geometries. We propose a novel method for integrating geometric transformations within…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-11-30 Samuel Burbulla

Physics-informed neural networks (PINNs) are capable of finding the solution for a given boundary value problem. We employ several ideas from the finite element method (FEM) to enhance the performance of existing PINNs in engineering…

Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science · Computer Science 2022-10-05 Shahed Rezaei , Ali Harandi , Ahmad Moeineddin , Bai-Xiang Xu , Stefanie Reese

Elliptic partial differential equations (PDEs) with discontinuous diffusion coefficients occur in application domains such as diffusions through porous media, electro-magnetic field propagation on heterogeneous media, and diffusion…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2015-01-20 Andrea Bonito , Ronald A. DeVore , Ricardo H. Nochetto

One use case of ``physics-informed neural networks'' (PINNs) is solution reconstruction, which aims to estimate the full-field state of a physical system from sparse measurements. Parameterized governing equations of the system are used in…

Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science · Computer Science 2025-05-09 Conor Rowan , Kurt Maute , Alireza Doostan

Physics-Informed Neural Networks (PINNs) frequently encounter difficulties in accurately resolving shock waves within high-speed compressible flows, a failure largely attributed to the "gradient pathology" arising from extreme stiffness at…

Computational Physics · Physics 2026-05-25 Darui Zhao , Ze Tao , Fujun Liu

We prove a priori and a posteriori error estimates for physics-informed neural networks (PINNs) for linear PDEs. We analyze elliptic equations in primal and mixed form, elasticity, parabolic, hyperbolic and Stokes equations; and a PDE…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2024-03-11 Marius Zeinhofer , Rami Masri , Kent-André Mardal

This paper presents intersection of Physics informed neural networks (PINNs) and Lie symmetry group to enhance the accuracy and efficiency of solving partial differential equation (PDEs). Various methods have been developed to solve these…

Analysis of PDEs · Mathematics 2025-10-01 Ali Haider Shah , Naveed R. Butt , Asif Ahmad , Muhammad Omer Bin Saeed

Physics-informed neural networks (PINNs) have emerged as a powerful paradigm for solving partial differential equations (PDEs) by embedding physical laws directly into neural network training. However, solving high-fidelity PDEs remains…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-03 Olaf Yunus Laitinen Imanov

Physics-informed neural networks (PINNs) are a versatile tool in the burgeoning field of scientific machine learning for solving partial differential equations (PDEs). However, determining suitable training strategies for them is not…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2026-03-09 Saad Qadeer , Panos Stinis

In this paper, numerical methods using Physics-Informed Neural Networks (PINNs) are presented with the aim to solve higher-order ordinary differential equations (ODEs). Indeed, this deep-learning technique is successfully applied for…

Computational Physics · Physics 2023-07-17 Hubert Baty

In this paper, we develop a deep learning approach for the accurate solution of challenging problems of near-field microscopy that leverages the powerful framework of physics-informed neural networks (PINNs) for the inversion of the complex…

Optics · Physics 2024-06-12 Yuyao Chen , Luca Dal Negro

Physics-informed neural networks (PINNs) are extensively employed to solve partial differential equations (PDEs) by ensuring that the outputs and gradients of deep learning models adhere to the governing equations. However, constrained by…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-21 Chenhao Si , Ming Yan

In this paper, we propose a hybrid method that combines finite element method (FEM) and physics-informed neural network (PINN) for solving linear elliptic problems. This method contains three steps: (1) train a PINN and obtain an…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2025-03-20 Xiao Chen , Yixin Luo , Jingrun Chen

Partition of unity methods (PUM) are of domain decomposition type and provide the opportunity for multiscale and multiphysics numerical modeling. Different physical models can exist within a PUM scheme for handling problems with zones of…

Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science · Computer Science 2023-02-06 Matthias Birner , Patrick Diehl , Robert Lipton , Marc Alexander Schweitzer

Evolution equations, including both ordinary differential equations (ODEs) and partial differential equations (PDEs), play a pivotal role in modeling dynamic systems. However, achieving accurate long-time integration for these equations…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2026-04-23 Xiaodong Feng , Haojiong Shangguan , Tao Tang , Xiaoliang Wan
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