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Physics-Informed Neural Networks (PINNs) have emerged as a tool for approximating the solution of Partial Differential Equations (PDEs) in both forward and inverse problems. PINNs minimize a loss function which includes the PDE residual…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2025-09-23 Coen Visser , Alexander Heinlein , Bianca Giovanardi

Partial differential equations (PDEs) provide a mathematical foundation for simulating and understanding intricate behaviors in both physical sciences and engineering. With the growing capabilities of deep learning, data$-$driven approaches…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-14 Narayan S Iyer , Bivas Bhaumik , Ram S Iyer , Satyasaran Changdar

We develop a self-adaptive physics-informed neural network (PINN) framework that reliably solves forward Darcy flow and performs accurate permeability inversion in heterogeneous porous media. In the forward setting, the PINN predicts…

Fluid Dynamics · Physics 2025-12-17 Md. Abdul Aziz , Thilo Strauss , Muhammad Mohebujjaman , Taufiquar Khan

Deep learning has achieved remarkable success in diverse applications; however, its use in solving partial differential equations (PDEs) has emerged only recently. Here, we present an overview of physics-informed neural networks (PINNs),…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-11-03 Lu Lu , Xuhui Meng , Zhiping Mao , George E. Karniadakis

Physics informed neural networks (PINNs) have emerged as a powerful tool to provide robust and accurate approximations of solutions to partial differential equations (PDEs). However, PINNs face serious difficulties and challenges when…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-07-11 Rajat Arora

Stochastic differential equations are commonly used to describe the evolution of stochastic processes. The state uncertainty of such processes is best represented by the probability density function (PDF), whose evolution is governed by the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-03 Chun-Wei Kong , Luca Laurenti , Jay McMahon , Morteza Lahijanian

We present a new a priori analysis of a class of collocation methods for parabolic PDEs that rely only on pointwise data of force term, boundary data, and initial data. Under Besov regularity assumptions, we characterize the optimal…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2025-06-24 Shiv Mishra , Arbaz Khan

This paper presents a deep learning strategy to simultaneously solve Partial Differential Equations (PDEs) and back-calculate their parameters in the context of deep tunnel excavation. A Physics-Informed Neural Network (PINN) model is…

Computational Physics · Physics 2026-05-29 Alec Tristani , Chloé Arson

Physics-informed neural networks (PINNs) is becoming a popular alternative method for solving partial differential equations (PDEs). However, they require dedicated manual modifications to the hyperparameters of the network, the sampling…

Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science · Computer Science 2025-04-15 Rui Zhang , Liang Li , Stéphane Lanteri , Hao Kang , Jiaqi Li

Physics-Informed Neural Networks (PINNs) have emerged as a promising machine learning approach for solving partial differential equations (PDEs). However, PINNs face significant challenges in balancing multi-objective losses, as multiple…

Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science · Computer Science 2025-10-07 Afrah Farea , Saiful Khan , Mustafa Serdar Celebi

Soft- and hard-constrained Physics Informed Neural Networks (PINNs) have achieved great success in solving partial differential equations (PDEs). However, these methods still face great challenges when solving the Navier-Stokes equations…

Fluid Dynamics · Physics 2024-11-14 Chuyu Zhou , Tianyu Li , Chenxi Lan , Rongyu Du , Guoguo Xin , Pengyu Nan , Hangzhou Yang , Guoqing Wang , Xun Liu , Wei Li

We apply Physics-Informed Neural Networks (PINNs) for solving identification problems of nonhomogeneous materials. We focus on the problem with a background in elasticity imaging, where one seeks to identify the nonhomogeneous mechanical…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-09-11 Enrui Zhang , Minglang Yin , George Em Karniadakis

Variational inequalities are widely applied in mechanical engineering, fluid penetration, transportation, and other fields. In this paper, a Deep Ritz method based on Physics-Informed Neural Networks (PINNs) is proposed to enhance the…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2026-03-13 Qijia Zhou , Yiyang Wang , Shengyuan Deng , Chenliang Li

The Saint-Venant torsion theory is a classical theory for analyzing the torsional behavior of structural components, and it remains critically important in modern computational design workflows. Conventional numerical methods, including the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-20 Su Yeong Jo , Sanghyeon Park , Seungchan Ko , Jongcheon Park , Hosung Kim , Sangseung Lee , Joongoo Jeon

Physics-informed neural networks (PINNs) have proven to be a promising method for the rapid solving of partial differential equations (PDEs) in both forward and inverse problems. However, due to the smoothness assumption of functions…

Computational Physics · Physics 2026-03-25 Guoqiang Lei , D. Exposito , Xuerui Mao

Solving inverse and optimization problems over solutions of nonlinear partial differential equations (PDEs) on complex spatial domains is a long-standing challenge. Here we introduce a method that parameterizes the solution using spectral…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2025-10-30 James V. Roggeveen , Michael P. Brenner

There have been several efforts to Physics-informed neural networks (PINNs) in the solution of the incompressible Navier-Stokes fluid. The loss function in PINNs is a weighted sum of multiple terms, including the mismatch in the observed…

Fluid Dynamics · Physics 2024-09-30 Zixue Xiang , Wei Peng , Xiaohu Zheng , Xiaoyu Zhao , Wen Yao

Physics-Informed Neural Networks (PINNs) are mesh-free approaches for the numerical approximation of partial differential equations, where a neural network is trained by minimizing a loss function derived from the governing equations and…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2026-04-03 Medard Govoeyi , Thomas Richter

We address a physics-informed neural network based on the concept of random projections for the numerical solution of IVPs of nonlinear ODEs in linear-implicit form and index-1 DAEs, which may also arise from the spatial discretization of…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2024-11-05 Gianluca Fabiani , Evangelos Galaris , Lucia Russo , Constantinos Siettos

We propose the first learning scheme for functional differential equations (FDEs). FDEs play a fundamental role in physics, mathematics, and optimal control. However, the numerical analysis of FDEs has faced challenges due to its…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2024-10-25 Taiki Miyagawa , Takeru Yokota