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As LLM-based agents are increasingly deployed in real-life scenarios, existing benchmarks fail to capture their inherent complexity of handling extensive information, leveraging diverse resources, and managing dynamic user interactions. To…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-20 Wei He , Yueqing Sun , Hongyan Hao , Xueyuan Hao , Zhikang Xia , Qi Gu , Chengcheng Han , Dengchang Zhao , Hui Su , Kefeng Zhang , Man Gao , Xi Su , Xiaodong Cai , Xunliang Cai , Yu Yang , Yunke Zhao

We interact with computers on an everyday basis, be it in everyday life or work, and many aspects of work can be done entirely with access to a computer and the Internet. At the same time, thanks to improvements in large language models…

Large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable capability in function-level code generation tasks. Unlike isolated functions, real-world applications demand reasoning over the entire software system: developers must orchestrate…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-10-10 Dezhi Ran , Yuan Cao , Mengzhou Wu , Simin Chen , Yuzhe Guo , Jun Ren , Zihe Song , Hao Yu , Jialei Wei , Linyi Li , Wei Yang , Baishakhi Ray , Tao Xie

Reliability is key to realizing the promise of autonomous UI-Agents, multimodal agents that directly interact with apps in the same manner as humans, as users must be able to trust an agent to complete a given task. Current evaluations rely…

Mobile agents can autonomously complete user-assigned tasks through GUI interactions. However, existing mainstream evaluation benchmarks, such as AndroidWorld, operate by connecting to a system-level Android emulator and provide evaluation…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-14 Yunfei Feng , Xi Zhao , Cheng Zhang , Dahu Feng , Daolin Cheng , Jianqi Yu , Yubin Xia , Erhu Feng

AI systems make decisions in physical environments through primitive actions or affordances that are accessed via API calls. While deploying AI agents in the real world involves numerous high-level actions, existing embodied simulators…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-17 Jiefu Ou , Arda Uzunoglu , Benjamin Van Durme , Daniel Khashabi

Significant focus has been placed on integrating large language models (LLMs) with various tools in developing general-purpose agents. This poses a challenge to LLMs' tool-use capabilities. However, there are evident gaps between existing…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-11-25 Jize Wang , Zerun Ma , Yining Li , Songyang Zhang , Cailian Chen , Kai Chen , Xinyi Le

Recent advancements in large language models (LLMs) have led to the creation of intelligent agents capable of performing complex tasks. This paper introduces a novel LLM-based multimodal agent framework designed to operate smartphone…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-12-25 Chi Zhang , Zhao Yang , Jiaxuan Liu , Yucheng Han , Xin Chen , Zebiao Huang , Bin Fu , Gang Yu

In recent years, AI-based software engineering has progressed from pre-trained models to advanced agentic workflows, with Software Development Agents representing the next major leap. These agents, capable of reasoning, planning, and…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-12-30 Zhi Chen , Lingxiao Jiang

Generative AI is being leveraged to solve a variety of computer-use tasks involving desktop applications. State-of-the-art systems have focused solely on improving accuracy on leading benchmarks. However, these systems are practically…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-19 Reyna Abhyankar , Qi Qi , Yiying Zhang

Real-world language agents must handle complex, multi-step workflows across diverse Apps. For instance, an agent may manage emails by coordinating with calendars and file systems, or monitor a production database to detect anomalies and…

Beyond scratch coding, exploiting large-scale code repositories (e.g., GitHub) for practical tasks is vital in real-world software development, yet current benchmarks rarely evaluate code agents in such authentic, workflow-driven scenarios.…

Mobile GUI agents powered by large language models have progressed rapidly, creating urgent needs for realistic and comprehensive evaluation. Existing benchmarks prioritize reproducibility but are often limited to open-source apps or…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-26 Guohong Liu , Jialei Ye , Pengzhi Gao , Wei Liu , Jian Luan , Yunxin Liu , Yuanchun Li

Autonomous agents have become increasingly important for interacting with the real world. Android agents, in particular, have been recently a frequently-mentioned interaction method. However, existing studies for training and evaluating…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-11-05 Yifan Xu , Xiao Liu , Xueqiao Sun , Siyi Cheng , Hao Yu , Hanyu Lai , Shudan Zhang , Dan Zhang , Jie Tang , Yuxiao Dong

Towards an embodied generalist for real-world interaction, Multimodal Large Language Model (MLLM) agents still suffer from challenging latency, sparse feedback, and irreversible mistakes. Video games offer an ideal testbed with rich visual…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-10 Mingyu Ouyang , Siyuan Hu , Kevin Qinghong Lin , Hwee Tou Ng , Mike Zheng Shou

The LLM Agent, equipped with a code interpreter, is capable of automatically solving real-world coding tasks, such as data analysis and image editing. However, existing benchmarks primarily focus on either simplistic tasks, such as…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-08-06 Yaolun Zhang , Yinxu Pan , Yudong Wang , Jie Cai

While LLM/VLM-powered AI agents have advanced rapidly in math, coding, and computer use, their applications in complex physical and social environments remain challenging. Building agents that can survive and thrive in the real world (for…

Agents centered around Large Language Models (LLMs) are now capable of automating mobile device operations for users. After fine-tuning to learn a user's mobile operations, these agents can adhere to high-level user instructions online.…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2024-01-18 Tinghe Ding

While programming is one of the most broadly applicable skills in modern society, modern machine learning models still cannot code solutions to basic problems. Despite its importance, there has been surprisingly little work on evaluating…

Language-model agents are increasingly used as persistent coworkers that assist users across multiple working days. During such workflows, the surrounding environment may change independently of the agent: new emails arrive, calendar…