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IoT devices based on microcontroller units (MCU) provide ultra-low power consumption and ubiquitous computation for near-sensor deep learning models (DNN). However, the memory of MCU is usually 2-3 orders of magnitude smaller than mobile…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2024-06-12 Size Zheng , Renze Chen , Meng Li , Zihao Ye , Luis Ceze , Yun Liang

Mixed precision quantization (MPQ) is an effective quantization approach to achieve accuracy-complexity trade-off of neural network, through assigning different bit-widths to network activations and weights in each layer. The typical way of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-06 Haidong Kang , Lianbo Ma , Guo Yu , Shangce Gao

Quantization is widely employed in both cloud and edge systems to reduce the memory occupation, latency, and energy consumption of deep neural networks. In particular, mixed-precision quantization, i.e., the use of different bit-widths for…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-01-26 Matteo Risso , Alessio Burrello , Luca Benini , Enrico Macii , Massimo Poncino , Daniele Jahier Pagliari

Recent hardware acceleration advances have enabled powerful specialized accelerators for finite element computations, spiking neural network inference, and sparse tensor operations. However, existing approaches face fundamental limitations:…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2026-01-09 Chuanzhen Wang , Leo Zhang , Eric Liu

Current AI training infrastructure is dominated by single instruction multiple data (SIMD) and systolic array architectures, such as Graphics Processing Units (GPUs) and Tensor Processing Units (TPUs), that excel at accelerating parallel…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2023-11-09 Jan Finkbeiner , Thomas Gmeinder , Mark Pupilli , Alexander Titterton , Emre Neftci

Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) have become essential for handling large-scale graph applications. However, the computational demands of GNNs necessitate the development of efficient methods to accelerate inference. Mixed precision…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-15 Samir Moustafa , Nils M. Kriege , Wilfried N. Gansterer

Neural network accelerators have been widely applied to edge devices for complex tasks like object tracking, image recognition, etc. Previous works have explored the quantization technologies in related lightweight accelerator designs to…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2026-02-27 Yuhao Liu , Salim Ullah , Akash Kumar

Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) are powerful tools for learning graph-structured data, but their scalability is hindered by inefficient mini-batch generation, data transfer bottlenecks, and costly inter-GPU synchronization. Existing training…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-09 Irfan Ullah , Young-Koo Lee

Mixed-precision quantization, where a deep neural network's layers are quantized to different precisions, offers the opportunity to optimize the trade-offs between model size, latency, and statistical accuracy beyond what can be achieved…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-07-07 Georg Rutishauser , Francesco Conti , Luca Benini

With the growing number of data-intensive workloads, GPU, which is the state-of-the-art single-instruction-multiple-thread (SIMT) processor, is hindered by the memory bandwidth wall. To alleviate this bottleneck, previously proposed…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2021-03-12 Xinfeng Xie , Peng Gu , Yufei Ding , Dimin Niu , Hongzhong Zheng , Yuan Xie

The resource requirements of deep neural networks (DNNs) pose significant challenges to their deployment on edge devices. Common approaches to address this issue are pruning and mixed-precision quantization, which lead to latency and memory…

Mixed-precision Deep Neural Networks achieve the energy efficiency and throughput needed for hardware deployment, particularly when the resources are limited, without sacrificing accuracy. However, the optimal per-layer bit precision that…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-08-15 Mariam Rakka , Mohammed E. Fouda , Pramod Khargonekar , Fadi Kurdahi

Spiking Neural Networks (SNNs) are gaining interest due to their event-driven processing which potentially consumes low power/energy computations in hardware platforms, while offering unsupervised learning capability due to the…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2023-03-06 Rachmad Vidya Wicaksana Putra , Muhammad Shafique

Running deep neural networks on microcontroller units (MCUs) is severely constrained by limited memory resources. While TinyML techniques reduce model size and computation, they often fail in practice due to excessive peak Random Access…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Junyu Lu , Shashwath Suresh , Hao Liu , Qi Hong , Qing Wang

Resistive random access memory (ReRAM)-based processing-in-memory (PIM) architectures have demonstrated great potential to accelerate Deep Neural Network (DNN) training/inference. However, the computational accuracy of analog PIM is…

Deep neural networks (DNNs) have revolutionized the field of artificial intelligence and have achieved unprecedented success in cognitive tasks such as image and speech recognition. Training of large DNNs, however, is computationally…

To bridge the ever increasing gap between deep neural networks' complexity and hardware capability, network quantization has attracted more and more research attention. The latest trend of mixed precision quantization takes advantage of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-28 Yuexiao Ma , Taisong Jin , Xiawu Zheng , Yan Wang , Huixia Li , Yongjian Wu , Guannan Jiang , Wei Zhang , Rongrong Ji

The large computing and memory cost of deep neural networks (DNNs) often precludes their use in resource-constrained devices. Quantizing the parameters and operations to lower bit-precision offers substantial memory and energy savings for…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-09-01 Clemens JS Schaefer , Siddharth Joshi , Shan Li , Raul Blazquez

Spiking Neural Networks (SNNs) hold great potential to realize brain-inspired, energy-efficient computational systems. However, current SNNs still fall short in terms of multi-scale temporal processing compared to their biological…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2024-08-28 Xinyi Chen , Jibin Wu , Chenxiang Ma , Yinsong Yan , Yujie Wu , Kay Chen Tan

For millimeter wave (mmWave) massive multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) systems, hybrid processing architecture is usually used to reduce the complexity and cost, which poses a very challenging issue in channel estimation. In this paper,…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2021-04-26 Peihao Dong , Hua Zhang , Geoffrey Ye Li , Ivan Simoes Gaspar , Navid NaderiAlizadeh