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The CMS endcap calorimeter upgrade for the High Luminosity LHC in 2027 uses silicon sensors to achieve radiation tolerance, with the further benefit of a very high readout granularity. Small scintillator tiles with individual SiPM readout…
In LHC Run 3, ALICE will increase the data taking rate significantly to 50\,kHz continuous read out of minimum bias Pb-Pb events. This challenges the online and offline computing infrastructure, requiring to process 50 times as many events…
High energy physics experiments, in particular experiments at the LHC, require the reconstruction of charged particle trajectories. Methods of reconstructing such trajectories have been known for decades, yet the applications at High…
The electron-proton collider HERA is being upgraded to provide higher luminosity from the end of the year 2001. In order to enhance the selectivity on exclusive processes a Fast Track Trigger (FTT) with high momentum resolution is being…
In the future ALICE heavy ion experiment at CERN's Large Hadron Collider input data rates of up to 25 GB/s have to be handled by the High Level Trigger (HLT) system, which has to scale them down to at most 1.25 GB/s before being written to…
The physics programme of the LHCb experiment at the Large Hadron Collider requires an efficient and precise reconstruction of the particle collision vertices. The LHCb Upgrade detector relies on a fully software-based trigger with an online…
The ATLAS Fast TracKer (FTK) was designed to provide full tracking for the ATLAS high-level trigger by using pattern recognition based on Associative Memory (AM) chips and fitting in high-speed field programmable gate arrays. The tracks…
This article describes a new charged-particle track fitting algorithm designed for use in high-speed electronics applications such as hardware-based triggers in high-energy physics experiments. Following a novel technique designed for fast…
The CMS experiment will collect data from the proton-proton collisions delivered by the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) at a centre-of-mass energy up to 14 TeV. The CMS trigger system is designed to cope with unprecedented luminosities and LHC…
Particle tracking is a challenging pattern recognition task at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) and the High Luminosity-LHC. Conventional algorithms, such as those based on the Kalman Filter, achieve excellent performance in reconstructing…
The increasing computing power and bandwidth of FPGAs opens new possibilities in the field of real-time processing of high-energy physics data. The LHCb experiment has implemented a cluster-finder FPGA architecture aimed at reconstructing…
During the High Luminosity LHC, the CMS detector will need charged particle tracking at the hardware trigger level to maintain a manageable trigger rate and achieve its physics goals. The tracklet approach is a track-finding algorithm based…
This paper presents a novel method for the reconstruction of interaction vertices in particle collision data. The algorithm is an agglomerative clustering technique designed for high-luminosity environments in current and future…
The Compact Muon Solenoid (CMS) experiment at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) is designed to study a wide range of high energy physics phenomena. It employs a large all-silicon tracker within a 3.8 T magnetic solenoid, which allows precise…
The Muon Spectrometer (MS) of the ALICE experiment at LHC is equipped with a HLT (High Level Trigger), whose aim is to improve the accuracy of the trigger cuts delivered at the L0 stage. A computational challenge of real-time event…
The upgraded CERN LHCb detector, due to start data taking in 2021, will have to reconstruct 4 TB/s of raw detector data in real time using commodity processors. This is one of the biggest real-time data processing challenges in any…
A description is provided of the software algorithms developed for the CMS tracker both for reconstructing charged-particle trajectories in proton-proton interactions and for using the resulting tracks to estimate the positions of the LHC…
At the Large Hadron Collider (LHC), the trigger systems for the detectors must be able to process a very large amount of data in a very limited amount of time, so that the nominal collision rate of 40 MHz can be reduced to a data rate that…
Many compelling beyond the Standard Model scenarios predict signals that result in unconventional charged particle trajectories. Signatures for which unusual tracks are the most conspicuous feature of the event pose significant challenges…
Data processing engines increasingly leverage distributed file systems for scalable, cost-effective storage. While the Apache Parquet columnar format has become a popular choice for data storage and retrieval, the immutability of Parquet…