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This paper discusses the wing inertial effects on stability of pitch motion of hovering insects. The paper also presents a dynamic model appropriate for using averaging techniques and discusses the pitch stability results derived from the…

Classical Physics · Physics 2023-06-28 Sevak Tahmasian , Braeden Kotulak-Smith

A hover-capable insect-inspired flying robot that can remain long in the air has shown its potential use for both confined indoor and outdoor applications to complete assigned tasks. In this letter, we report improvements in the flight…

Robotics · Computer Science 2020-07-02 Hoang Vu Phan , Steven Aurecianus , Thi Kim Loan Au , Taesam Kang , Hoon Cheol Park

The flight characteristics of bats remarkably have been overlooked in aerial drone designs. Unlike other animals, bats leverage the manipulation of inertial dynamics to exhibit aerial flip turns when they perch. Inspired by this unique…

Robotics · Computer Science 2020-05-13 Alireza Ramezani

Flapping-wing insects, birds, and robots are thought to offset the high power cost of oscillatory wing motion by using elastic elements for energy storage and return. Insects possess highly resilient elastic regions in their flight anatomy…

Biological Physics · Physics 2020-12-11 James Lynch , Jeffrey Gau , Simon Sponberg , Nick Gravish

Approximately half of the existing winged-insect species are of very small size (wing length about 0.3-4 mm); they are referred to as miniature insects. Yet until recently, much of what we know about the mechanics of insect flight was…

Biological Physics · Physics 2023-04-04 Mao Sun

Flapping wing flight is a challenging dynamical problem and is also a very fascinating subject to study in the field of biomimetic robotics. A Bat, in particular, has a very articulated armwing mechanism with high degrees-of-freedom and…

Robotics · Computer Science 2020-09-30 Eric Sihite , Alireza Ramezani

Collective patterns of motion emerge across biological taxa: insects swarm, fish school, and birds flock. In particular, large migratory birds form strikingly ordered V-shaped formations, which experiments and direct numerical simulations…

Fluid Dynamics · Physics 2026-02-26 Olivia Pomerenk , Kenneth S. Breuer

The effect of air viscosity on the flow around an insect wing increases as insect size decreases. For the smallest insects (wing length R below 1 mm), the viscous effect is so large that lift-generation mechanisms used by their larger…

Biological Physics · Physics 2018-10-17 Xin Cheng , Mao Sun

Birds employ rapid pitch-up motions for different purposes: perching birds use this motion to decelerate and come to a complete stop while hunting birds, like bald eagles, employ it to catch prey and swiftly fly away. Motivated by these…

Fluid Dynamics · Physics 2024-05-08 Dibya R. Adhikari , Samik Bhattacharya

Diversity and specialization of behavior in insects is unmatched. Insects hop, walk, run, jump, row, swim, glide and fly to propel themselves in a variety of environments. We have uncovered an unusual mode of propulsion of aerodynamic…

Fluid Dynamics · Physics 2011-10-18 Manu Prakash , Donald Kim

Stick insect stepping patterns have been studied for insights about locomotor rhythm generation and control, because the underlying neural system is relatively accessible experimentally and produces a variety of rhythmic outputs. Harnessing…

Neurons and Cognition · Quantitative Biology 2025-04-17 Zahra Aminzare , Jonathan E. Rubin

Insects excel in trajectory and attitude handling during flight, yet the specific kinematic behaviours they use for maintaining stability in air disturbances are not fully understood. This study investigates the adaptive strategies of…

Quantitative Methods · Quantitative Biology 2024-09-04 Tim Jakobi , Simon Watkins , Alex Fisher , Sridhar Ravi

Insect wings can undergo significant deformation during flapping motion owing to inertial, elastic and aerodynamic forces. Changes in shape then alter aerodynamic forces, resulting in a fully coupled Fluid-Structure Interaction (FSI)…

Aerial insects exhibit highly agile maneuvers such as sharp braking, saccades, and body flips under disturbance. In contrast, insect-scale aerial robots are limited to tracking non-aggressive trajectories with small body acceleration. This…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-08-06 Yi-Hsuan Hsiao , Andrea Tagliabue , Owen Matteson , Suhan Kim , Tong Zhao , Jonathan P. How , YuFeng Chen

Flapping wings are a bio-inspired method to produce lift and thrust in aerial robots, leading to quiet and efficient motion. The advantages of this technology are safety and maneuverability, and physical interaction with the environment,…

This research endeavors to design the perching maneuver and control in ornithopter robots. By analyzing the dynamic interplay between the robot's flight dynamics, feedback loops, and the environmental constraints, we aim to advance our…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-01-26 C. Ruiz , J. Á. Acosta

This work briefly covers our efforts to stabilize the flight dynamics of Northeastern's tailless bat-inspired micro aerial vehicle, Aerobat. Flapping robots are not new. A plethora of examples is mainly dominated by insect-style design…

In this paper, we take an initial and novel step toward characterizing the physics of the hovering phenomenon in flapping insects and hummingbirds as a new class of extremum seeking (ES) feedback systems. By characterizing hovering flight…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2025-10-10 Ahmed A. Elgohary , Sameh A. Eisa

Flapping-wing robots offer significant versatility; however, achieving efficient multi-modal locomotion remains challenging. This paper presents the design, modeling, and experimentation of a novel tailless flapping-wing robot with three…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-06-19 Zhi Zheng , Xiangyu Xu , Jin Wang , Yikai Chen , Jingyang Huang , Ruixin Wu , Huan Yu , Guodong Lu

Biological studies show that hummingbirds can perform extreme aerobatic maneuvers during fast escape. Given a sudden looming visual stimulus at hover, a hummingbird initiates a fast backward translation coupled with a 180-degree yaw turn,…

Robotics · Computer Science 2019-02-27 Fan Fei , Zhan Tu , Jian Zhang , Xinyan Deng