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Large Audio-Language Models (LALMs), such as GPT-4o, have recently unlocked audio dialogue capabilities, enabling direct spoken exchanges with humans. The potential of LALMs broadens their applicability across a wide range of practical…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-07-29 Kuofeng Gao , Shu-Tao Xia , Ke Xu , Philip Torr , Jindong Gu

Large Audio Language Models (LALMs) demonstrate impressive performance across diverse tasks, ranging from speech recognition to general audio understanding. However, their scalability is limited by the quadratic complexity of attention and…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-11-27 Saurabhchand Bhati , Samuel Thomas , Hilde Kuehne , Rogerio Feris , James Glass

With advancements in large audio-language models (LALMs), which enhance large language models (LLMs) with auditory capabilities, these models are expected to demonstrate universal proficiency across various auditory tasks. While numerous…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-04-28 Chih-Kai Yang , Neo S. Ho , Hung-yi Lee

Multimodal large language models have fueled progress in image captioning. These models, fine-tuned on vast image datasets, exhibit a deep understanding of semantic concepts. In this work, we show that this ability can be re-purposed for…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-10-10 Hugo Malard , Michel Olvera , Stéphane Lathuiliere , Slim Essid

The profusion of knowledge encoded in large language models (LLMs) and their ability to apply this knowledge zero-shot in a range of settings makes them promising candidates for use in decision-making. However, they are currently limited by…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-08 Gabriel Freedman , Adam Dejl , Deniz Gorur , Xiang Yin , Antonio Rago , Francesca Toni

Large Vision-Language Models (VLMs) have demonstrated strong capabilities in tasks requiring a fine-grained understanding of literal meaning in images and text, such as visual question-answering or visual entailment. However, there has been…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-18 Arkadiy Saakyan , Shreyas Kulkarni , Tuhin Chakrabarty , Smaranda Muresan

This project involved participation in the DCASE 2022 Competition (Task 6) which had two subtasks: (1) Automated Audio Captioning and (2) Language-Based Audio Retrieval. The first subtask involved the generation of a textual description for…

Sound · Computer Science 2023-05-16 Clive Gomes , Hyejin Park , Patrick Kollman , Yi Song , Iffanice Houndayi , Ankit Shah

Large Audio-Language Models show consistent performance gains across speech and audio benchmarks, yet high scores may not reflect true auditory perception. If a model can answer questions without processing the acoustic signal, the…

Sound · Computer Science 2026-04-28 Leonardo Haw-Yang Foo , Chih-Kai Yang , Chen-An Li , Ke-Han Lu , Hung-yi Lee

How does textual representation of audio relate to the Large Language Model's (LLMs) learning about the audio world? This research investigates the extent to which LLMs can be prompted to generate audio, despite their primary training in…

While automated audio captioning (AAC) has made notable progress, traditional fully supervised AAC models still face two critical challenges: the need for expensive audio-text pair data for training and performance degradation when…

Sound · Computer Science 2025-01-07 Xiquan Li , Wenxi Chen , Ziyang Ma , Xuenan Xu , Yuzhe Liang , Zhisheng Zheng , Qiuqiang Kong , Xie Chen

Evaluations of audio-language models (ALMs) -- multimodal models that take interleaved audio and text as input and output text -- are hindered by the lack of standardized benchmarks; most benchmarks measure only one or two capabilities and…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-09-04 Tony Lee , Haoqin Tu , Chi Heem Wong , Zijun Wang , Siwei Yang , Yifan Mai , Yuyin Zhou , Cihang Xie , Percy Liang

Speech emotion recognition plays an important role in various applications. However, most existing approaches predict a single emotion label, oversimplifying the inherently ambiguous nature of human emotional expression. Recent large…

Sound · Computer Science 2026-03-10 Xiaofeng Yu , Jiaheng Dong , Jean Honorio , Abhirup Ghosh , Hong Jia , Ting Dang

Despite strong performance in audio perception tasks, large audio-language models (AudioLLMs) remain opaque to interpretation. A major factor behind this lack of interpretability is that individual neurons in these models frequently…

Sound · Computer Science 2026-02-27 Townim Faisal Chowdhury , Ta Duc Huy , Siqi Pan , Jeremy Stoddard , Zhibin Liao

Music captioning has gained significant attention in the wake of the rising prominence of streaming media platforms. Traditional approaches often prioritize either the audio or lyrics aspect of the music, inadvertently ignoring the…

Sound · Computer Science 2023-10-24 Zihao He , Weituo Hao , Wei-Tsung Lu , Changyou Chen , Kristina Lerman , Xuchen Song

Large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated strong instruction-following capabilities in text-based tasks. However, this ability often deteriorates in multimodal models after alignment with non-text modalities such as images or audio.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-13 Yiming Gao , Bin Wang , Chengwei Wei , Shuo Sun , AiTi Aw

Understanding the internal mechanisms of large audio-language models (LALMs) is crucial for interpreting their behavior and improving performance. This work presents the first in-depth analysis of how LALMs internally perceive and recognize…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-26 Chih-Kai Yang , Neo Ho , Yi-Jyun Lee , Hung-yi Lee

A fundamental characteristic of audio is its compositional nature. Audio-language models (ALMs) trained using a contrastive approach (e.g., CLAP) that learns a shared representation between audio and language modalities have improved…

In recent years, datasets of paired audio and captions have enabled remarkable success in automatically generating descriptions for audio clips, namely Automated Audio Captioning (AAC). However, it is labor-intensive and time-consuming to…

Sound · Computer Science 2023-09-22 Theodoros Kouzelis , Vassilis Katsouros

Automated audio captioning (AAC), a task that mimics human perception as well as innovatively links audio processing and natural language processing, has overseen much progress over the last few years. AAC requires recognizing contents such…

Sound · Computer Science 2023-11-17 Xuenan Xu , Zeyu Xie , Mengyue Wu , Kai Yu

Zero-shot audio captioning aims at automatically generating descriptive textual captions for audio content without prior training for this task. Different from speech recognition which translates audio content that contains spoken language…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-11-15 Leonard Salewski , Stefan Fauth , A. Sophia Koepke , Zeynep Akata