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Scaling laws have shaped recent advances in machine learning by enabling predictable scaling of model performance based on model size, computation, and data volume. Concurrently, the rise in computational cost for AI has motivated model…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-03 Andrei Panferov , Alexandra Volkova , Ionut-Vlad Modoranu , Vage Egiazarian , Mher Safaryan , Dan Alistarh

Recent advances in large language models (LLMs) highlight a strong connection between intelligence and compression. Learned image compression, a fundamental task in modern data compression, has made significant progress in recent years.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-08-13 Yuqi Li , Haotian Zhang , Li Li , Dong Liu , Feng Wu

Recent works have shown that machine learning models improve at a predictable rate with the total amount of training data, leading to scaling laws that describe the relationship between error and dataset size. These scaling laws can help…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-03 Ian Covert , Wenlong Ji , Tatsunori Hashimoto , James Zou

Scaling laws predict the loss of a target machine learning model by extrapolating from easier-to-train models with fewer parameters or smaller training sets. This provides an efficient way for practitioners and researchers alike to compare…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-04 Leshem Choshen , Yang Zhang , Jacob Andreas

Empirical science of neural scaling laws is a rapidly growing area of significant importance to the future of machine learning, particularly in the light of recent breakthroughs achieved by large-scale pre-trained models such as GPT-3, CLIP…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-10-20 Gabriele Prato , Simon Guiroy , Ethan Caballero , Irina Rish , Sarath Chandar

Deep neural networks trained end-to-end to map a measurement of a (noisy) image to a clean image perform excellent for a variety of linear inverse problems. Current methods are only trained on a few hundreds or thousands of images as…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-02-24 Tobit Klug , Reinhard Heckel

On a variety of tasks, the performance of neural networks predictably improves with training time, dataset size and model size across many orders of magnitude. This phenomenon is known as a neural scaling law. Of fundamental importance is…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2024-06-25 Blake Bordelon , Alexander Atanasov , Cengiz Pehlevan

Training compute is increasingly outpacing the availability of high-quality data. This shifts the central challenge from optimal compute allocation to extracting maximum value from limited data. The widely adopted Chinchilla scaling law…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-05 Justin Lovelace , Christian Belardi , Srivatsa Kundurthy , Shriya Sudhakar , Kilian Q. Weinberger

We propose a scaling law hypothesis for multimodal models processing text, audio, images, and video within a shared token and embedding space. Our framework predicts model performance based on modality-specific compression and tokenization…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-11-12 Qingyun Sun , Zhen Guo , PIN AI Team

Recent significant advances in text-to-image models unlock the possibility of training vision systems using synthetic images, potentially overcoming the difficulty of collecting curated data at scale. It is unclear, however, how these…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-12-08 Lijie Fan , Kaifeng Chen , Dilip Krishnan , Dina Katabi , Phillip Isola , Yonglong Tian

Past work has established scaling laws that predict the performance of a neural language model (LM) as a function of its parameter count and the number of tokens it's trained on, enabling optimal allocation of a fixed compute budget. Are…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-05-28 Rohan Pandey

The scaling law is becoming a fundamental law in many machine learning areas. That is, test error falls off with the power law when increasing training data, model size, and computing resource. However, whether this law is suitable for the…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-02-21 Jiayi Lin , Hande Dong , Yutao Xie , Lei Zhang

The impressive growth of data throughput in optical microscopy has triggered a widespread use of supervised learning (SL) models running on compressed image datasets for efficient automated analysis. However, since lossy image compression…

Image compression emerges as a pivotal tool in the efficient handling and transmission of digital images. Its ability to substantially reduce file size not only facilitates enhanced data storage capacity but also potentially brings…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-03-12 Justin Yang , Zhihao Duan , Andrew Peng , Yuning Huang , Jiangpeng He , Fengqing Zhu

Scaling laws for language model training traditionally characterize how performance scales with model size and dataset volume. Prior work has explored architecture variants and data treatments such as dataset filtering and noise injection…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-24 Anirudh Subramanyam , Yuxin Chen , Robert L. Grossman

There is a recent trend in machine learning to increase model quality by growing models to sizes previously thought to be unreasonable. Recent work has shown that autoregressive generative models with cross-entropy objective functions…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-06-18 Jasha Droppo , Oguz Elibol

Large foundation models are typically trained on data from multiple domains, with the data mixture--the proportion of each domain used--playing a critical role in model performance. The standard approach to selecting this mixture relies on…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-03 Mustafa Shukor , Louis Bethune , Dan Busbridge , David Grangier , Enrico Fini , Alaaeldin El-Nouby , Pierre Ablin

The scaling law, a cornerstone of Large Language Model (LLM) development, predicts improvements in model performance with increasing computational resources. Yet, while empirically validated, its theoretical underpinnings remain poorly…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-03 Chiwun Yang

Traditional scaling laws in natural language processing suggest that increasing model size and training data enhances performance. However, recent studies reveal deviations, particularly in large language models, where performance…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-16 Zhengyu Chen , Siqi Wang , Teng Xiao , Yudong Wang , Shiqi Chen , Xunliang Cai , Junxian He , Jingang Wang

Neural scaling laws aim to characterize how out-of-sample error behaves as a function of model and training dataset size. Such scaling laws guide allocation of a computational resources between model and data processing to minimize error.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-07-02 Hong Jun Jeon , Benjamin Van Roy
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