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Sparsely-gated Mixture of Experts networks (MoEs) have demonstrated excellent scalability in Natural Language Processing. In Computer Vision, however, almost all performant networks are "dense", that is, every input is processed by every…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-06-14 Carlos Riquelme , Joan Puigcerver , Basil Mustafa , Maxim Neumann , Rodolphe Jenatton , André Susano Pinto , Daniel Keysers , Neil Houlsby

Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) models have shown promising potential for parameter-efficient scaling across domains. However, their application to image classification remains limited, often requiring billion-scale datasets to be competitive. In…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-27 Mathurin Videau , Alessandro Leite , Marc Schoenauer , Olivier Teytaud

Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) models embody the divide-and-conquer concept and are a promising approach for increasing model capacity, demonstrating excellent scalability across multiple domains. In this paper, we integrate the MoE structure…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-11-27 Xumeng Han , Longhui Wei , Zhiyang Dou , Zipeng Wang , Chenhui Qiang , Xin He , Yingfei Sun , Zhenjun Han , Qi Tian

The Mixture of Experts (MoE) paradigm provides a powerful way to decompose dense layers into smaller, modular computations often more amenable to human interpretation, debugging, and editability. However, a major challenge lies in the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-10-18 James Oldfield , Markos Georgopoulos , Grigorios G. Chrysos , Christos Tzelepis , Yannis Panagakis , Mihalis A. Nicolaou , Jiankang Deng , Ioannis Patras

Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) layers have emerged as an important tool in scaling up modern neural networks by decoupling total trainable parameters from activated parameters in the forward pass for each token. However, sparse MoEs add…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-22 Tianze Jiang , Blake Bordelon , Cengiz Pehlevan , Boris Hanin

Sparse Mixture-of-Experts models (MoEs) have recently gained popularity due to their ability to decouple model size from inference efficiency by only activating a small subset of the model parameters for any given input token. As such,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-09-11 Erik Daxberger , Floris Weers , Bowen Zhang , Tom Gunter , Ruoming Pang , Marcin Eichner , Michael Emmersberger , Yinfei Yang , Alexander Toshev , Xianzhi Du

Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) activates only a subset of experts during inference, allowing the model to maintain low inference FLOPs and latency even as the parameter count scales up. However, since MoE dynamically selects the experts, all the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-27 Shibo Jie , Yehui Tang , Kai Han , Yitong Li , Duyu Tang , Zhi-Hong Deng , Yunhe Wang

Mixture of Experts (MoE) is able to scale up vision transformers effectively. However, it requires prohibiting computation resources to train a large MoE transformer. In this paper, we propose Residual Mixture of Experts (RMoE), an…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-10-05 Lemeng Wu , Mengchen Liu , Yinpeng Chen , Dongdong Chen , Xiyang Dai , Lu Yuan

The field of natural language processing (NLP) has made significant strides in recent years, particularly in the development of large-scale vision-language models (VLMs). These models aim to bridge the gap between text and visual…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-03-14 Sheng Shen , Zhewei Yao , Chunyuan Li , Trevor Darrell , Kurt Keutzer , Yuxiong He

Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) architectures face challenges such as high memory consumption and redundancy in experts. Pruning MoE can reduce network weights while maintaining model performance. Motivated by the recent observation of emergent…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-17 Yanyue Xie , Zhi Zhang , Ding Zhou , Cong Xie , Ziang Song , Xin Liu , Yanzhi Wang , Xue Lin , An Xu

MoE-PEFT methods combine Mixture of Experts with parameter-efficient fine-tuning for multi-task adaptation, but require separate adapters per expert causing trainable parameters to scale linearly with expert count and limiting applicability…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-06 Md Kowsher , Haris Mansoor , Nusrat Jahan Prottasha , Ozlem Garibay , Victor Zhu , Zhengping Ji , Chen Chen

Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) decouples model capacity from per-token computation, yet their scalability remains limited by the physical dimensions of depth and width. To overcome this, we propose Mixture of Universal Experts (MOUE),a MoE…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-06 Yilong Chen , Naibin Gu , Junyuan Shang , Zhenyu Zhang , Yuchen Feng , Jiawei Sheng , Tingwen Liu , Shuohuan Wang , Yu Sun , Hua Wu , Haifeng Wang

Sparse Mixture of Experts (MoE) models offer a scalable and efficient architecture for training large neural networks by activating only a subset of parameters ("experts") for each input. A learned router computes a distribution over these…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-14 Nabil Omi , Siddhartha Sen , Ali Farhadi

The sparsely gated mixture of experts (MoE) architecture sends different inputs to different subnetworks, i.e., experts, through trainable routers. MoE reduces the training computation significantly for large models, but its deployment can…

Mixture-of-experts (MoE) architectures used in large language models (LLMs) achieve state-of-the-art performance across diverse tasks yet face practical challenges such as deployment complexity and low activation efficiency. Expert pruning…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-23 Xican Yang , Yuanhe Tian , Yan Song

Mixture of Experts (MoE) models enable parameter-efficient scaling through sparse expert activations, yet optimizing their inference and memory costs remains challenging due to limited understanding of their specialization behavior. We…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-09 Marmik Chaudhari , Idhant Gulati , Nishkal Hundia , Pranav Karra , Shivam Raval

The Mixture of Experts (MoE) is a widely known neural architecture where an ensemble of specialized sub-models optimizes overall performance with a constant computational cost. However, conventional MoEs pose challenges at scale due to the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-09-12 Ted Zadouri , Ahmet Üstün , Arash Ahmadian , Beyza Ermiş , Acyr Locatelli , Sara Hooker

Sparse mixture of expert architectures (MoEs) scale model capacity without significant increases in training or inference costs. Despite their success, MoEs suffer from a number of issues: training instability, token dropping, inability to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-05-28 Joan Puigcerver , Carlos Riquelme , Basil Mustafa , Neil Houlsby

Vision Transformers ($\text{ViTs}$) have become the backbone of vision foundation models, yet their optimization for multi-channel domains - such as cell painting or satellite imagery - remains underexplored. A key challenge in these…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-11-24 Sukwon Yun , Heming Yao , Burkhard Hoeckendorf , David Richmond , Aviv Regev , Russell Littman

How to reduce compute and memory requirements of neural networks (NNs) without sacrificing performance? Many recent works use sparse Mixtures of Experts (MoEs) to build resource-efficient large language models (LMs). Here we introduce…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-11-22 Róbert Csordás , Kazuki Irie , Jürgen Schmidhuber
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