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Solving partial differential equations is difficult. Recently proposed neural resolution-invariant models, despite their effectiveness and efficiency, usually require equispaced spatial points of data. However, sampling in spatial domain is…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-03-21 Haitao Lin , Lirong Wu , Yongjie Xu , Yufei Huang , Siyuan Li , Guojiang Zhao , Stan Z. Li

Neural Operators (NOs) have emerged as powerful tools for learning mappings between function spaces. Among them, the kernel integral operator has been widely used in universally approximating architectures. Following the original…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-30 Haoze Song , Zhihao Li , Xiaobo Zhang , Zecheng Gan , Zhilu Lai , Wei Wang

Real-world scientific applications frequently encounter incomplete observational data due to sensor limitations, geographic constraints, or measurement costs. Although neural operators significantly advanced PDE solving in terms of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-28 Jingren Hou , Hong Wang , Pengyu Xu , Chang Gao , Huafeng Liu , Liping Jing

Neural networks are one tool for approximating non-linear differential equations used in scientific computing tasks such as surrogate modeling, real-time predictions, and optimal control. PDE foundation models utilize neural networks to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-11 Elisa Negrini , Yuxuan Liu , Liu Yang , Stanley J. Osher , Hayden Schaeffer

We consider solving partial differential equations (PDEs) with Fourier neural operators (FNOs), which operate in the frequency domain. Since the laws of physics do not depend on the coordinate system used to describe them, it is desirable…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-07-28 Jacob Helwig , Xuan Zhang , Cong Fu , Jerry Kurtin , Stephan Wojtowytsch , Shuiwang Ji

The solution of partial differential equations (PDEs) plays a central role in numerous applications in science and engineering, particularly those involving multiphase flow in porous media. Complex, nonlinear systems govern these problems…

We introduce the Laplace neural operator (LNO), which leverages the Laplace transform to decompose the input space. Unlike the Fourier Neural Operator (FNO), LNO can handle non-periodic signals, account for transient responses, and exhibit…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-05-31 Qianying Cao , Somdatta Goswami , George Em Karniadakis

Deep models have recently emerged as promising tools to solve partial differential equations (PDEs), known as neural PDE solvers. While neural solvers trained from either simulation data or physics-informed loss can solve PDEs reasonably…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-05 Hang Zhou , Yuezhou Ma , Haixu Wu , Haowen Wang , Mingsheng Long

Recent advances in the literature show promising potential of deep learning methods, particularly neural operators, in obtaining numerical solutions to partial differential equations (PDEs) beyond the reach of current numerical solvers.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-05 Erisa Hasani , Rachel A. Ward

Operator learning is a recent development in the simulation of Partial Differential Equations (PDEs) by means of neural networks. The idea behind this approach is to learn the behavior of an operator, such that the resulting neural network…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2025-01-15 Ahmed Abdeljawad , Thomas Dittrich

Neural operators are a popular technique in scientific machine learning to learn a mathematical model of the behavior of unknown physical systems from data. Neural operators are especially useful to learn solution operators associated with…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2022-08-05 Nicolas Boullé , Seick Kim , Tianyi Shi , Alex Townsend

Optical neural networks are emerging as powerful machine learning and information processing tools because of their potential advantages in speed and energy efficiency. The training methods of these physical models, however, remain…

Optics · Physics 2026-05-11 Xudong Lv , Yuxiang Sun , Shuo Wang , Nanxing Chen , Jun Guan , Jingtian Hu

Neural networks can be used to learn the solution of partial differential equations (PDEs) on arbitrary domains without requiring a computational mesh. Common approaches integrate differential operators in training neural networks using a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-07-07 Shamsulhaq Basir , Inanc Senocak

In recent years, tremendous progress has been made on numerical algorithms for solving partial differential equations (PDEs) in a very high dimension, using ideas from either nonlinear (multilevel) Monte Carlo or deep learning. They are…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2021-12-13 Weinan E , Jiequn Han , Arnulf Jentzen

Partial differential equations (PDEs) are central to modeling physical and engineering systems, but repeatedly solving parametric PDEs remains computationally expensive. Operator learning enables fast surrogate inference, yet typically…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-05-28 Chanyoung Kim , Myeonghwan Seong , Yujin Kim , Daniel K. Park , Youngjoon Hong

The Monte Carlo-type Neural Operator (MCNO) introduces a lightweight architecture for learning solution operators for parametric PDEs by directly approximating the kernel integral using a Monte Carlo approach. Unlike Fourier Neural…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-25 Salah Eddine Choutri , Prajwal Chauhan , Othmane Mazhar , Saif Eddin Jabari

We propose a finite-dimensional control-based method to approximate solution operators for evolutional partial differential equations (PDEs), particularly in high-dimensions. By employing a general reduced-order model, such as a deep neural…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2024-01-22 Nathan Gaby , Xiaojing Ye

Recently, neural networks have been widely applied for solving partial differential equations (PDEs). Although such methods have been proven remarkably successful on practical engineering problems, they have not been shown, theoretically or…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2023-03-27 Jonathan W. Siegel , Qingguo Hong , Xianlin Jin , Wenrui Hao , Jinchao Xu

In the past years, the application of neural networks as an alternative to classical numerical methods to solve Partial Differential Equations has emerged as a potential paradigm shift in this century-old mathematical field. However, in…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-08-16 Winfried van den Dool , Tijmen Blankevoort , Max Welling , Yuki M. Asano

This work introduces the Wavelet-Laplace Neural Operator (WLNO), a novel neural operator that fuses Haar wavelet multi-scale spatial decomposition with the Laplace-domain pole-residue formulation of the Laplace Neural Operator (LNO). While…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-26 Muhammad Abid , Arth Sojitra , Omer San
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