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Human evaluation of machine translation is in an arms race with translation model quality: as our models get better, our evaluation methods need to be improved to ensure that quality gains are not lost in evaluation noise. To this end, we…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-29 Parker Riley , Daniel Deutsch , Mara Finkelstein , Colten DiIanni , Juraj Juraska , Markus Freitag

Many machine learning systems today are trained on large amounts of human-annotated data. Data annotation tasks that require a high level of competency make data acquisition expensive, while the resulting labels are often subjective,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-04-08 Emmanouil Antonios Platanios , Maruan Al-Shedivat , Eric Xing , Tom Mitchell

Third-party annotation is the status quo for labeling text, but egocentric information such as sentiment and belief can at best only be approximated by a third-person proxy. We introduce author labeling, an annotation technique where the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-08 Marcus Ma , Cole Johnson , Nolan Bridges , Jackson Trager , Georgios Chochlakis , Shrikanth Narayanan

Crowdsourcing is a relatively economic and efficient solution to collect annotations from the crowd through online platforms. Answers collected from workers with different expertise may be noisy and unreliable, and the quality of annotated…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-01-08 Jingzheng Tu , Guoxian Yu , Jun Wang , Carlotta Domeniconi , Xiangliang Zhang

Annotation guidelines used to guide the annotation of training and evaluation datasets can have a considerable impact on the quality of machine learning models. In this study, we explore the effects of annotation guidelines on the quality…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2018-10-15 Faiz Ali Shah , Kairit Sirts , Dietmar Pfahl

Measurement of interaction quality is a critical task for the improvement of spoken dialog systems. Existing approaches to dialog quality estimation either focus on evaluating the quality of individual turns, or collect dialog-level quality…

In this paper, we examine the work of data annotation. Specifically, we focus on the role of counting or quantification in organising annotation work. Based on an ethnographic study of data annotation in two outsourcing centres in India, we…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2023-12-01 Srravya Chandhiramowuli , Alex Taylor , Sara Heitlinger , Ding Wang

Large-scale annotated datasets allow AI systems to learn from and build upon the knowledge of the crowd. Many crowdsourcing techniques have been developed for collecting image annotations. These techniques often implicitly rely on the fact…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2016-10-07 Gunnar A. Sigurdsson , Olga Russakovsky , Ali Farhadi , Ivan Laptev , Abhinav Gupta

Crowdsourcing has emerged as a popular approach for collecting annotated data to train supervised machine learning models. However, annotator bias can lead to defective annotations. Though there are a few works investigating individual…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2021-10-18 Haochen Liu , Joseph Thekinen , Sinem Mollaoglu , Da Tang , Ji Yang , Youlong Cheng , Hui Liu , Jiliang Tang

This position paper argues that the machine learning community should prioritize early-stage quality assurance in annotation pipelines over the prevailing practice of late-stage validation. Data quality bottlenecks increasingly limit…

High-quality human annotations are necessary to create effective machine learning systems for social media. Low-quality human annotations indirectly contribute to the creation of inaccurate or biased learning systems. We show that human…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2019-07-18 Rahul Pandey , Carlos Castillo , Hemant Purohit

When designing an AI-assisted decision-making system, there is often a tradeoff between precision and recall in the AI's recommendations. We argue that careful exploitation of this tradeoff can harness the complementary strengths in the…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2024-10-17 Chengyuan Xu , Kuo-Chin Lien , Tobias Höllerer

Audio-visual quality assessment (AVQA) research has been stalled by limitations of existing datasets: they are typically small in scale, with insufficient diversity in content and quality, and annotated only with overall scores. These…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-02-27 Renyu Yang , Jian Jin , Lili Meng , Meiqin Liu , Yilin Wang , Balu Adsumilli , Weisi Lin

Machine learning models excel with abundant annotated data, but annotation is often costly and time-intensive. Active learning (AL) aims to improve the performance-to-annotation ratio by using query methods (QMs) to iteratively select the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-17 Hannes Kath , Thiago S. Gouvêa , Daniel Sonntag

Aspect-Based Sentiment Analysis (ABSA) enables fine-grained opinion analysis by identifying sentiments toward specific aspects or targets within a text. While ABSA has been widely studied for English, research on other languages such as…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-06 Niklas Donhauser , Jakob Fehle , Nils Constantin Hellwig , Markus Weinberger , Udo Kruschwitz , Christian Wolff

One of the problems on the way to successful implementation of neural networks is the quality of annotation. For instance, different annotators can annotate images in a different way and very often their decisions do not match exactly and…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2018-07-25 Roman Khudorozhkov , Alexander Koryagin , Alexey Kozhevin

Qualification tests in crowdsourcing are often used to pre-filter workers by measuring their ability in executing microtasks.While creating qualification tests for each task type is considered as a common and reasonable way, this study…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2020-12-22 Masaya Morinaga , Susumu Saito , Teppei Nakano , Tetsunori Kobayashi , Tetsuji Ogawa

The global surge in AI applications is transforming industries, leading to displacement and complementation of existing jobs, while also giving rise to new employment opportunities. Data annotation, encompassing the labelling of images or…

General Economics · Economics 2024-08-19 Johann Laux , Fabian Stephany , Alice Liefgreen

Annotation Query (AQ) is a program that provides the ability to query many different types of NLP annotations on a text, as well as the original content and structure of the text. The query results may provide new annotations, or they may…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2018-02-05 Darin McBeath , Ron Daniel

We have seen significant leapfrog advancement in machine learning in recent decades. The central idea of machine learnability lies on constructing learning algorithms that learn from good data. The availability of more data being made…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-08-07 Ng Hui Xian Lynnette , Henry Ng Siong Hock , Nguwi Yok Yen