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Artificial intelligence (AI) advances rapidly but achieving complete human control over AI risks remains an unsolved problem, akin to driving the fast AI "train" without a "brake system." By exploring fundamental control mechanisms at key…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-12-29 Yong Tao

Regulations and standards in the field of artificial intelligence (AI) are necessary to minimise risks and maximise benefits, yet some argue that they stifle innovation. This paper critically examines the idea that regulation stifles…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-02-09 Alessio Tartaro , Adam Leon Smith , Patricia Shaw

We consider a series of legal provocations emerging from the proposed European Union AI Act 2021 (AIA) and how they open up new possibilities for HCI in the design and development of trustworthy autonomous systems. The AIA continues the by…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2022-06-16 Lachlan D. Urquhart , Glenn McGarry , Andy Crabtree

AI is transforming the existing technology landscape at a rapid phase enabling data-informed decision making and autonomous decision making. Unlike any other technology, because of the decision-making ability of AI, ethics and governance…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2022-10-18 Mahendra Samarawickrama

With the Proposal for a Regulation laying down harmonised rules on Artificial Intelligence (AI Act) the European Union provides the first regulatory document that applies to the entire complex of AI systems. While some fear that the…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2024-09-02 Marc P. Hauer , Tobias D Krafft , Andreas Sesing-Wagenpfeil , Katharina Zweig

The EU has become one of the vanguards in regulating the digital age. A particularly important regulation in the Artificial Intelligence (AI) domain is the EU AI Act, which entered into force in 2024. The AI Act specifies -- due to a…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-06-05 Alina Wernick , Kristof Meding

Algorithmic decision support (ADS), using Machine-Learning-based AI, is becoming a major part of many processes. Organizations introduce ADS to improve decision-making and use available data, thereby possibly limiting deviations from the…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2024-09-12 Joachim Meyer

Artificial intelligence is already being applied in and impacting many important sectors in society, including healthcare, finance, and policing. These applications will increase as AI capabilities continue to progress, which has the…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2022-06-23 Jess Whittlestone , Sam Clarke

An increasing number of regulations propose AI audits as a mechanism for achieving transparency and accountability for artificial intelligence (AI) systems. Despite some converging norms around various forms of AI auditing, auditing for the…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2024-05-29 Khoa Lam , Benjamin Lange , Borhane Blili-Hamelin , Jovana Davidovic , Shea Brown , Ali Hasan

As the deployment of artificial intelligence (AI) is changing many fields and industries, there are concerns about AI systems making decisions and recommendations without adequately considering various ethical aspects, such as…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2023-10-02 Conrad Sanderson , Qinghua Lu , David Douglas , Xiwei Xu , Liming Zhu , Jon Whittle

As artificial intelligence (AI) is integrated into various services and systems in society, many companies and organizations have proposed AI principles, policies, and made the related commitments. Conversely, some have proposed the need…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2023-12-04 Arisa Ema , Ryo Sato , Tomoharu Hase , Masafumi Nakano , Shinji Kamimura , Hiromu Kitamura

The EU Artificial Intelligence Act (AIA) establishes different legal principles for different types of AI systems. While prior work has sought to clarify some of these principles, little attention has been paid to robustness and…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-05-29 Henrik Nolte , Miriam Rateike , Michèle Finck

From its inception, AI has had a rather ambivalent relationship to humans---swinging between their augmentation and replacement. Now, as AI technologies enter our everyday lives at an ever increasing pace, there is a greater need for AI…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2019-10-17 Subbarao Kambhampati

As AI systems become increasingly capable and autonomous, domain experts' roles are shifting from performing tasks themselves to overseeing AI-generated outputs. Such oversight is critical, as undetected errors can have serious consequences…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2026-03-05 Cedric Faas , Sophie Kerstan , Richard Uth , Markus Langer , Anna Maria Feit

As artificial intelligence (AI) reshapes industries and societies, ensuring its trustworthiness-through mitigating ethical risks like bias, opacity, and accountability deficits-remains a global challenge. International Organization for…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-04-24 Sridharan Sankaran

Artificial intelligence risks are multidimensional in nature, as the same risk scenarios may have legal, operational, and financial risk dimensions. With the emergence of new AI regulations, the state of the art of artificial intelligence…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-09-24 Luis Enriquez Alvarez

How to make artificial intelligence (AI) systems safe and aligned with human values is an open research question. Proposed solutions tend toward relying on human intervention in uncertain situations, learning human values and intentions…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2023-10-04 Jeffrey W. Johnston

While the role of states, corporations, and international organizations in AI governance has been extensively theorized, the role of workers has received comparatively little attention. This chapter looks at the role that workers play in…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-05-15 Natalia Luka , JS Tan

Well-designed technologies that offer high levels of human control and high levels of computer automation can increase human performance, leading to wider adoption. The Human-Centered Artificial Intelligence (HCAI) framework clarifies how…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2020-02-25 Ben Shneiderman

Artificial intelligence (AI) is a digital technology that will be of major importance for the development of humanity in the near future. AI has raised fundamental questions about what we should do with such systems, what the systems…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-08-26 Vincent C. Müller