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In supply chain management, decision-making often involves balancing multiple conflicting objectives, such as cost reduction, service level improvement, and environmental sustainability. Traditional multi-objective optimization methods,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-09-09 Niki Kotecha , Ehecatl Antonio del Rio Chanona

Agents in the real world must often balance multiple objectives, such as speed, stability, and energy efficiency in continuous control. To account for changing conditions and preferences, an agent must ideally learn a Pareto frontier of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-04 Raghav Thakar , Gaurav Dixit , Kagan Tumer

Multi-objective reinforcement learning (MORL) aims to optimize policies in the presence of conflicting objectives, where linear scalarization is commonly used to reduce vector-valued returns into scalar signals. While effective for certain…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-19 Woosung Kim , Jinho Lee , Jongmin Lee , Byung-Jun Lee

Human drivers exhibit individual preferences regarding driving style. Adapting autonomous vehicles to these preferences is essential for user trust and satisfaction. However, existing end-to-end driving approaches often rely on predefined…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-07-21 Hendrik Surmann , Jorge de Heuvel , Maren Bennewitz

We study multi-objective reinforcement learning with nonlinear preferences over trajectories. That is, we maximize the expected value of a nonlinear function over accumulated rewards (expected scalarized return or ESR) in a multi-objective…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-19 Nianli Peng , Muhang Tian , Brandon Fain

Multi-objective optimization (MOO) problems require balancing competing objectives, often under constraints. The Pareto optimal solution set defines all possible optimal trade-offs over such objectives. In this work, we present a novel…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-04-19 Soumyajit Gupta , Gurpreet Singh , Raghu Bollapragada , Matthew Lease

Data-driven offline reinforcement learning and imitation learning approaches have been gaining popularity in addressing sequential decision-making problems. Yet, these approaches rarely consider learning Pareto-optimal policies from a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-08-23 Woo Kyung Kim , Minjong Yoo , Honguk Woo

Optimizing the consolidation process in container-based fulfillment centers requires trading off competing objectives such as processing speed, resource usage, and space utilization while adhering to a range of real-world operational…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-02 Sikata Sengupta , Guangyi Liu , Omer Gottesman , Joseph W Durham , Michael Kearns , Aaron Roth , Michael Caldara

In offline reinforcement learning (RL), the goal is to learn a highly rewarding policy based solely on a dataset of historical interactions with the environment. The ability to train RL policies offline can greatly expand the applicability…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-03-03 Rahul Kidambi , Aravind Rajeswaran , Praneeth Netrapalli , Thorsten Joachims

One common approach to solve multi-objective reinforcement learning (MORL) problems is to extend conventional Q-learning by using vector Q-values in combination with a utility function. However issues can arise with this approach in the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-01-09 Kewen Ding , Peter Vamplew , Cameron Foale , Richard Dazeley

Lead optimization in drug discovery requires efficiently navigating vast chemical space through iterative cycles to enhance molecular properties while preserving structural similarity to the original lead compound. Despite recent advances,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-29 Ziqing Wang , Yibo Wen , William Pattie , Xiao Luo , Weimin Wu , Jerry Yao-Chieh Hu , Abhishek Pandey , Han Liu , Kaize Ding

Preference-aligned robot navigation in human environments is typically achieved through learning-based approaches, utilizing user feedback or demonstrations for personalization. However, personal preferences are subject to change and might…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-10-21 Jorge de Heuvel , Tharun Sethuraman , Maren Bennewitz

An important challenge in multi-objective reinforcement learning is obtaining a Pareto front of policies to attain optimal performance under different preferences. We introduce Iterated Pareto Referent Optimisation (IPRO), which decomposes…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-07 Willem Röpke , Mathieu Reymond , Patrick Mannion , Diederik M. Roijers , Ann Nowé , Roxana Rădulescu

In contrast to single-objective optimization (SOO), multi-objective optimization (MOO) requires an optimizer to find the Pareto frontier, a subset of feasible solutions that are not dominated by other feasible solutions. In this paper, we…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-08-13 Yiyang Zhao , Linnan Wang , Kevin Yang , Tianjun Zhang , Tian Guo , Yuandong Tian

The construction of machine learning models involves many bi-level multi-objective optimization problems (BL-MOPs), where upper level (UL) candidate solutions must be evaluated via training weights of a model in the lower level (LL). Due to…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2023-02-07 Chao Wang , Licheng Jiao , Jiaxuan Zhao , Lingling Li , Xu Liu , Fang Liu , Shuyuan Yang

Multi-objective reinforcement learning (MORL) addresses the challenge of simultaneously optimizing multiple, often conflicting, rewards, moving beyond the single-reward focus of conventional reinforcement learning (RL). This approach is…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2025-05-21 Carlos Hernández , Roberto Santana

Inferring reward functions from demonstrations and pairwise preferences are auspicious approaches for aligning Reinforcement Learning (RL) agents with human intentions. However, state-of-the art methods typically focus on learning a single…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-01-04 Markus Peschl , Arkady Zgonnikov , Frans A. Oliehoek , Luciano C. Siebert

This study presents a comparative analysis between single-objective and multi-objective reinforcement learning methods for training a robot to navigate effectively to an end goal while efficiently avoiding obstacles. Traditional…

Robotics · Computer Science 2023-12-15 Vicki Young , Jumman Hossain , Nirmalya Roy

Reinforcement learning with multiple, potentially conflicting objectives is pervasive in real-world applications, while this problem remains theoretically under-explored. This paper tackles the multi-objective reinforcement learning (MORL)…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-05-10 Tianchen Zhou , FNU Hairi , Haibo Yang , Jia Liu , Tian Tong , Fan Yang , Michinari Momma , Yan Gao

In this paper, we aim to utilize only offline trajectory data to train a policy for multi-objective RL. We extend the offline policy-regularized method, a widely-adopted approach for single-objective offline RL problems, into the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-01-05 Qian Lin , Chao Yu , Zongkai Liu , Zifan Wu